Occurrence of Atypical Phellem in Representatives of <i>Cornus</i>

Myśkow, Elżbieta

doi:10.1086/674447

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…It seems possible that in the high-Arctic protection against severe environmental conditions, especially long winter, low temperature and frost, is more important than prolonged photosynthesis. The importance of proper protection in the polar willow was further manifested by the formation of several cork cells before phelloderm, as was earlier postulated for other pioneering species Cornus sanguinea and C. controversa (Myśkow 2014). The high protective value of phellem is related to the deposition of suberin and associated waxes in cell walls and to the programmed cell death of phellem cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

“…Each branch was cut into 0.5 cm long segments differing in the degree of the maturity of tissues. Transverse hand-made sections, 20-30 μm thick, were prepared using a razor blade, for 7 branches from each tundra vegetation type and observed under a microscope (from ×50 to ×500 magnification) with the bright field and UV light (excitation light 360-370 nm) for the anatomy and autofluorescence of cutin and suberin, respectively (Surový et al 2009;Myśkow 2014). The remaining three branches representing independent individuals in each tundra vegetation type were processed according to the standard protocol for embedding and sectioning in paraffin (O'Brien and McCully 1981).…”

Section: Laboratory Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Origin, activity and environmental acclimation of stem secondary tissues of the polar willow (Salix polaris) in high-Arctic Spitsbergen

Słupianek

Myśkow

2019

Polar Biol

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High Arctic is an intensively explored region in relation to predicted global warming. Its long-term impact is analysed in dwarf-shrubs, such as a widely distributed and pioneering species Salix polaris (polar willow). Understanding the functioning of lateral meristems in these dwarf-shrubs is however limited, affecting interpretation of the data. The presented study focused on the formation and anatomy of the derived secondary tissues in the stems of S. polaris from polar habitats. The entire branches of the polar willow were collected in five vegetation types of tundra located in SW Spitsbergen (Svalbard) and analysed on the series of transverse and longitudinal sections. Our analyses showed that the periderm developed in two or three-year old stems as the secondary protective tissue, and that the multiple epidermis, typical of many willow species, was not formed in S. polaris. The secondary xylem in the polar willow stems showed considerable differences in diameter and length of vessel elements within a single stem. Importantly, the size of the vessel elements differed also depending on the tundra vegetation type. Our findings suggest that the soil moisture was a main factor determining the size of vessels, and that their size was not correlated to the nitrogen supply. Our study thus demonstrated the usefulness of different anatomical features of wood, in above-ground organs, in High Arctic research.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Section: Laboratory Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Origin, activity and environmental acclimation of stem secondary tissues of the polar willow (Salix polaris) in high-Arctic Spitsbergen

Słupianek

Myśkow

2019

Polar Biol

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“…In C. mas, C. sanquinea and C. florida, the first phellogen is usually initiated by periclinal divisions of the epidermis at the lower side of branches, which rapidly spread and form a continuous cylinder of meristematic cells by the second year of growth. However, sometimes, periclinal divisions start in the subepidermal layer and later spread to the epidermis resulting in a phellogen with hybrid origin (25-30% subepidermal and 70-75 epidermis) (114).…”

Section: Periderm Initiation In Stemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Making of Plant Armor: The Periderm

Serra

Mähönen

Hetherington

et al. 2022

Annu. Rev. Plant Biol.

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The periderm acts as armor protecting the plant's inner tissues from biotic and abiotic stress. It forms during the radial thickening of plant organs such as stems and roots and replaces the function of primary protective tissues such as the epidermis and the endodermis. A wound periderm also forms to heal and protect injured tissues. The periderm comprises a meristematic tissue called the phellogen, or cork cambium, and its derivatives: the lignosuberized phellem and the phelloderm. Research on the periderm has mainly focused on the chemical composition of the phellem due to its relevance as a raw material for industrial processes. Today, there is increasing interest in the regulatory network underlying periderm development as a novel breeding trait to improve plant resilience and to sequester CO2. Here, we discuss our current understanding of periderm formation, focusing on aspects of periderm evolution, mechanisms of periderm ontogenesis, regulatory networks underlying phellogen initiation and cork differentiation, and future challenges of periderm research. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Plant Biology, Volume 73 is May 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

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Occurrence of Atypical Phellem in Representatives of Cornus

Cited by 2 publications

References 36 publications

Origin, activity and environmental acclimation of stem secondary tissues of the polar willow (Salix polaris) in high-Arctic Spitsbergen

Origin, activity and environmental acclimation of stem secondary tissues of the polar willow (Salix polaris) in high-Arctic Spitsbergen

The Making of Plant Armor: The Periderm

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