Occurrence of Avian Influenza H5N1 among Chicken, Duck Farms and Human in Egypt

Diab, M. M.; Hafez, Mohamed S. Abd El; Ashry, Mohamed; Elfeil, Wael K.

doi:10.3844/ajavsp.2019.26.32

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 26 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…), in addition to coccidia species. All these pathogens have caused severe economic losses and have badly affected the veterinary care strategies [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 ]. Avian influenza (AI) is a contagious viral disease, belonging to the Orthomyxoviridae family, and is a segmented, single-stranded, negative sense RNA virus [ 11 , 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the Effectiveness of Two Different Vaccination Regimes for Avian Influenza H9N2 in Broiler Chicken

Talat

Abouelmaatti²,

Almeer

et al. 2020

Animals

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Low pathogenic avian influenza virus is one of the major threats that has been affecting the poultry industry in the Middle East region for decades. Attempts to eradicate this disease have failed. Currently, there are commercial vaccines that are either imported or produced locally from recently circulating isolates of H9N2 in Egypt and Middle Eastern countries. This present work focused on comparing the effectiveness of two vaccines belonging to these categories in Egypt. Two commercial broiler flocks (Cobb-500 Broiler) with maternally derived immunity (MDA) against H9N2 virus were employed and placed under normal commercial field conditions or laboratory conditions. Immunity was evaluated on the basis of detectable humoral antibodies against influenza H9N2 virus, and challenge was conducted at 28 days of life using a recent wild H9N2 virus. The results showed that vaccination on the 7th day of life provided significantly higher immune response in both vaccine types, with significantly lower virus shedding compared to vaccination at day 1 of life, regardless of field or laboratory conditions. In addition, the vaccine produced from a recent local H9N2 isolate (MEFLUVAC-H9-16) provided a significantly higher humoral immune response under both field and laboratory conditions, as measured by serology and virus shedding (number of shedders and amount of shedding virus), being significantly lower following challenge on the 28th day of life, contrary to the imported H9 vaccine. In conclusion, use of H9N2 vaccine at 7 days of life provided a significantly higher protection than vaccination at day 1 of life in birds with MDA, suggesting vaccination regimes between 5–8-days of life for broiler chicks with MDA. Moreover, use of a vaccine prepared from a recently circulating H9N2 virus showed significantly higher protection and was more suitable for birds in the Middle East.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the Effectiveness of Two Different Vaccination Regimes for Avian Influenza H9N2 in Broiler Chicken

Talat

Abouelmaatti²,

Almeer

et al. 2020

Animals

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…These waste products have lower nutritional value rather than meat (Gaafar, 2017). In addition to increased rate of adulteration with chicken mean, this may be associated with the poultry pathogen epidemiological situation in Egypt in the recent five years and emerging of new pathogens or new variant from old endemic pathogens which associated with increase mortalities in poultry farms either due to viral pathogen like infectious bronchitis, avian influenza, Newcastle virus (Ayoub et al, 2019;Diab et al, 2019;Elhady et al, 2018;Fawzy et al, 2019;Sedeik et al, 2018;Sultan et al, 2019a;2019b) or bacterial pathogen like Pasteurella, E. coli and clostridium or parasite like coccidia (Eid et al, 2016;Elfeil et al, 2012;Enany et al, 2018)., They may also be contaminated with food borne pathogens. Therefore, the probable presence of these pathogens due to insufficient cooking temperature in final products poses a potential health risk for consumers (Mehdizadeh et al, 2014).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Commercial Fraud in Processed Meat Products Using Rapid Techniques

Ahmed¹,

Ismail²,

Abouelmaatti³

et al. 2020

American Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Meat adulteration with different species has become a considerable problem worldwide. It means that meat products contain undeclared meat species; so, the meat ingredients are not consistent with the label. It has direct impact on public health, religious faith, fair-trades and food safety standers. This study focused on species adulteration detection in meat products by applying accurate, slandered and fast techniques. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technique and Raw Meat FlowThrough TM Test were performed as fast techniques. Thirty samples of beef meat products (10 each of hawawshi, sausage and burger) were subjected to analysis by PCR technique using specific primers sets for equine, chicken and pig species on samples' Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA). The adulteration rates with equine were 10%, 10% and 30% in hawawshi, sausage and beef burger samples, respectively. The adulteration rates with chicken were 80%, 50% and 100% in hawawshi, sausages and beef burger samples, respectively. While none of the examined samples was contaminated with pork. Results showed that 80% of all examined samples contained undeclared meat species. Out of the adulterated samples examined by PCR technique, eight samples were reanalyzed by the onsite Raw Meat FlowThrough TM Test which had taken only about 12 minutes to be performed. It was an on-site test for qualitative determination of species by visual inspection. The results confirmed those obtained by PCR technique by 100% in case of detection of poultry species. While in case of detection of adulteration by equine species, the FlowThrough TM Test gave negative results which indicated that it had the ability to detect horse specie only but could not detect other equine species as donkey and mule. This study suggests that these methods of detection can be applied by quality control laboratories and inspection services for fast and rapid determination of adulteration with poultry products in different meat products, but the FlowThrough TM Test is horse specific inside the equine species and this could be limitation to the test needs to improve it or beneficial points to differentiate between horse and donkey meat adulation combining with other methods.

show abstract

“…Poultry industry suffer from several pathogen threats in Egypt either bacterial like Salmonella, Pasteurella, Clostridium or viral types like Avian influenza virus (AIV), Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV), Infectious Bronchitis Virus (IBV), Infectious Bursal Disease Virus (IBDV) or parasitic as coccidia and it associated with severe economic on the industry and human public heath impact (Algammal and Elfeil, 2015;Ayoub et al, 2019;Diab et al, 2019;Eid et al, 2016;Elhady et al, 2018;Sedeik et al, 2018;Sultan et al, 2019a;2019b). Salmonella consider one of the major bacterial threats affect poultry industry and associated with severe economic losses.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and Genotypic Analysis and Antibiotic Resistance of Salmonella Species Isolated from Imported and Freshly Slaughtered Chicken

Elfeil¹,

Ezzat²,

Fathi³

et al. 2020

American Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Salmonellosis is a bacterial disease caused by different types of Salmonella species and associated with clinical disease in both human, birds and livestock species. Salmonellosis associated with severe economic impacts either from losses in poultry farm due to pathological picture losses, cost of medication, condemnation in slaughterhouse or zoonotic important. This study focused on the prevalence of Salmonellae in imported frozen and freshly slaughtered chicken in Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt. A total of 273 samples were collected from 66 examined birds (24 from Balady chickens "Native Bred", 23 from Broiler chicken and 19 from frozen chicken). Nineteen out of 66 chickens (6.95%) Salmonella species were isolated, representing: 10 from Balady (native bred) chicken (8.3%), eight from broiler chicken (7%) and one from imported frozen chicken (2.61%). The serotyping of the Salmonellae isolated from chickens as follow (5) (26.3%) S. typhimurium, (5) (26.3%) S. kentucky, (3) (15.8%) S. infantis (2) (10.5%) S. enteritidis, (2) (10.5%) S. tamale, (2) (10.5%) S. newport. PCR assay was carried out on nine serovars (2) S. enteritidis, (2) S. typhimurium, (2) S. kentucky, (1) S. infantis, (1) S. tamale, (1) S. newport detect the presence of InvA (invasion protein InvA), blaTEM (beta-lactamase TEM). aacC (Aminoglycoside N (3)-acetyltransferase IV), qepA (Quinolone efflux pump), tetA(A) (Tetracycline resistance protein, class D) and sul1(Dihydropteroate synthase type-1) genes, the percentage respectively was 100%, 100%, 33.3, 33.3%, 88.89%, 77.78% in examined Salmonella strains. The susceptibility of Salmonella serovars to chemotherapeutic agents showed high sensitivity to levofloxacin and gentamycin, but the highest resistance was to sulfamethoxazole. The increased prevalence rate of Salmonella species isolation from chicken and chicken meat carrying Multidrug Resistance (MDR) genes for commonly used antimicrobial agents, consider a critical threat for public health issues. Further studies are required to understand Salmonella spp epidemiology and to limit the spread of multidrug-resistant types.

show abstract

Occurrence of Avian Influenza H5N1 among Chicken, Duck Farms and Human in Egypt

Cited by 10 publications

References 26 publications

Comparison of the Effectiveness of Two Different Vaccination Regimes for Avian Influenza H9N2 in Broiler Chicken

Comparison of the Effectiveness of Two Different Vaccination Regimes for Avian Influenza H9N2 in Broiler Chicken

Detection of Commercial Fraud in Processed Meat Products Using Rapid Techniques

Prevalence and Genotypic Analysis and Antibiotic Resistance of Salmonella Species Isolated from Imported and Freshly Slaughtered Chicken

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About