Occurrence of bacterial leaf spot of pepper in Pakistan

Akhtar, M. A.; Ahmad, Iftikhar; Rehman, F. U.

doi:10.1080/09670878509370964

Cited by 11 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…punicae (Xap), the causal agent of oily spot disease in pomegranate, was first reported in the 1950s in India (3) and in recent decades has emerged as a devastating pathogen of this fruit (9). In the future, this pathogen might emerge as a huge threat to other pomegranate-growing countries, as it is also being reported outside India (10,11). In addition, during the 1970s, a new bacterial disease of grape was reported for the first time from India (2), and the causal agent was later identified as X. campestris pv.…”

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confidence: 99%

Genomic Insights into the Evolutionary Origin of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri and Its Ecological Relatives

Midha

Patil

2014

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri (Xac) is the causal agent of citrus bacterial canker (CBC) and is a serious problem worldwide. Like CBC, several important diseases in other fruits, such as mango, pomegranate, and grape, are also caused by Xanthomonas pathovars that display remarkable specificity toward their hosts. While citrus and mango diseases were documented more than 100 years ago, the pomegranate and grape diseases have been known only since the 1950s and 1970s, respectively. Interestingly, diseases caused by all these pathovars were noted first in India. Our genome-based phylogenetic studies suggest that these diverse pathogens belong to a single species and these pathovars may be just a group of rapidly evolving strains. Furthermore, the recently reported pathovars, such as those infecting grape and pomegranate, form independent clonal lineages, while the citrus and mango pathovars that have been known for a long time form one clonal lineage. Such an understanding of their phylogenomic relationship has further allowed us to understand major and unique variations in the lineages that give rise to these pathovars. Whole-genome sequencing studies including ecological relatives from their putative country of origin has allowed us to understand the evolutionary history of Xac and other pathovars that infect fruits.

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confidence: 99%

Genomic Insights into the Evolutionary Origin of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri and Its Ecological Relatives

Midha

Patil

2014

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…citri has spread from Asia to other countries (3,6), and X. axonopodis pv. punicae is already on its way, as can be noted in recent reports (1,8). Hence, the demand of the hour is to quarantine X. axonopodis pv.…”

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confidence: 65%

Genome Sequence of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. punicae Strain LMG 859

et al. 2012

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We report the 4.94-Mb genome sequence of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. punicae strain LMG 859, the causal agent of bacterial leaf blight disease in pomegranate. The draft genome will aid in comparative genomics, epidemiological studies, and quarantine of this devastating phytopathogen. Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. punicae is one of the numerous host-specific pathovars of phytopathogenic xanthomonads, a highly evolved group of bacteria. This pathovar was first reported in India on pomegranate (4). It has now emerged as a destructive pathogen in pomegranate-cultivating areas of India, the biggest producer of pomegranates in the world. X. axonopodis pv. punicae has become a serious threat to pomegranate cultivation and also to the tremendous export potential such cultivation represents because of the effect of its disease on the quality and quantity of the fruit. As India is an area where X. axonopodis pv. punicae infections are presently endemic, the species is also a potential threat to pomegrate-growing areas of the world where such infections are not endemic. In this context, sequencing of the genome of X. axonopodis pv. punicae is an urgent requirement to gain deeper insights into its phylogeny and taxonomy and also to study the genomic determinants of its virulence.To begin with, we sequenced the genome of LMG 859, the reference strain of X. axonopodis pv. punicae, using the Roche 454 GS (FLX Titanium) pyrosequencing platform (Macrogen, Republic of Korea). The shotgun sequencing yielded 664,349 reads amounting to 278,291,163 bases and ϳ55-fold coverage. The GS De Novo Assembler (version 2.3) yielded 217 contigs (over 500 bp) with an average contig size of 22.795 kb and largest contig of 166.069 kb. The proportion of bases called that had a quality score of 40 or above was 99.99%. The genome of strain LMG 859 has GϩC content of 64.9%, and annotation using the RAST (Rapid Annotation using Subsystem Technology) pipeline (7) and RNAmmer 1.2 (5) with further manual inspection revealed 4,385 predicted coding regions (CDSs) and 50 tRNA and 3 rRNA genes.BLAST analysis revealed that the 16S rRNA and complete rpoB gene sequences of X. axonopodis pv. punicae are Ͼ99% identical to those of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri, the causal agent of citrus canker. Further phylogenomics analysis using highly conserved housekeeping genes described earlier for xanthomonads (2) confirmed its close relationship with X. axonopodis pv. citri. Interestingly, the diseases caused by X. axonopodis pv. punicae and also X. axonopodis pv. citri were first noticed in India, which may also be the region of origin of these bacteria (3,4,6). Moreover, the hosts of these pathovars also grow wild and are cultivated on a large scale in India. Hence, these highly related phytopathogens may be dynamically exchanging their gene pools for fitness and virulence capabilities. Studies have shown that X. axonopodis pv. citri has spread from Asia to other countries (3, 6), and X. axonopodis pv. punicae is already on its way, as can be noted in recent reports (1,...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although pomegranate is natural host of several fungal diseases, bacterial leaf blight caused by X. axonopodis pv. punicae is the only bacterial disease of pomegranate in the world (Akhtar and Bhatti 1992;Petersen et al 2010;Poovarasan et al 2013). Disease agent has been reported as the reason for reduction of the domestic and export pomegranate production by 80% in India (Ravikumar et al 2011;Poovarasan et al 2013).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of bacterial knot disease caused by Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. savastanoi on pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) trees: a new host of the pathogen

Bozkurt

Soylu

Mırık

et al. 2014

Lett Appl Microbiol

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Pomegranate trees were affected by the disease with outgrowths (galls or knot) disease. Currently, there is no published study on disease agent(s) causing the galls or knots on pomegranate trees in worldwide. Bacterial colonies were isolated from young knots. The causal agent of the knot Pseudomonas savastanoi pv.savastanoi (Psv) was identified based on symptoms, biochemical, molecular methods, pathogenicity tests and sequence analysis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of Psv on pomegranate as a natural host, which extends the growing list of plant species affected by this bacterium in the world and Turkey.

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Occurrence of bacterial leaf spot of pepper in Pakistan

Cited by 11 publications

References 5 publications

Genomic Insights into the Evolutionary Origin of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri and Its Ecological Relatives

Genomic Insights into the Evolutionary Origin of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri and Its Ecological Relatives

Genome Sequence of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. punicae Strain LMG 859

Characterization of bacterial knot disease caused by Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. savastanoi on pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) trees: a new host of the pathogen

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