Occurrence of benzotriazoles in the rivers Main, Hengstbach, and Hegbach (Germany)

Kiss, Aliz; Fries, Elke

doi:10.1007/s11356-009-0179-4

Cited by 104 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…[2] Discharge from municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) is a major pathway of BT entering the environment. BT has been detected in treated sewage effluents, [1,3,4] surface water, [5][6][7] and ground water [8,9] due to its high usage, relatively high mobility and persistence. [9,10] Moderate removal rates of BT in conventional WWTP processes have been attributed to its resistance to biodegradation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, concentrations up to 3.4 mg L À1 of BT have been found in surface water. [1,[3][4][5][6][7]12] Environmental exposure of BT has been linked with adverse ecological effects in some aquatic species [13] and microbial communities in soil. [14] Additionally, BT is regarded as a carcinogenic and mutagenic compound in mammals, [15] which indicates its potential for detrimental human health effects.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Irradiation vessels containing 100 mL of this solution were exposed to the UV light irradiation. In order to simulate the real conditions of natural water systems, the effects of pH, NaCl, Cu and HA on the photolysis of BT were studied using the following conditions: pH (3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12) …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Photolysis of benzotriazole and formation of its polymerised photoproducts in aqueous solutions under UV irradiation

Liu¹,

Ying²,

Shareef³

et al. 2011

Environ. Chem.

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Environmental context. Benzotriazole is an anti-corrosion agent that is widely applied in various industrial processes and in household products. It has been found persistent in various aquatic environments. Our investigation found that benzotriazole can be rapidly transformed under UV light to form several photoproducts. Photolysis rates decreased with increasing solution pH, whereas salinity had no significant effect. Metal species Cu 2þ and Fe 3þ , and humic acid in aquatic environment could have inhibitory effects on the photolysis of benzotriazole.Abstract. Benzotriazole (BT) is an anti-corrosion agent used widely in some industrial processes and household products, and it has been detected in surface water and ground water due to its high mobility and low biodegradability. We have investigated the photolysis of benzotriazole in aqueous solutions under UV radiation at 254 nm and the effect of pH, salinity, metal species and dissolved organic matter on the photo-transformation processes. Benzotriazole was found to undergo rapid transformation to form several photoproducts. The half-lives for the photolysis of benzotriazole ranged from 2.8 to 14.3 h in various aqueous solutions containing metal ions and dissolved organic matter. Photolysis rates decreased with increasing solution pH, whereas salinity had no significant effect. Metal species Cu 2þ and Fe 3þ , and especially humic acid had inhibitory effects on the photolysis of benzotriazole under UV light irradiation at 254 nm. We propose the formation of three major photoproducts via instantaneous polymerisation of small intermediates generated during the photolysis of benzotriazole including 2,6-diethylaniline, phenazine and 1,6-dihydroxyphenazine.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Photolysis of benzotriazole and formation of its polymerised photoproducts in aqueous solutions under UV irradiation

Liu¹,

Ying²,

Shareef³

et al. 2011

Environ. Chem.

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“…The highest measured concentration of a wastewater compound (1.90 micrograms per liter [µg/L]) was for the fragrance hexahydrohexamethyl-cyclopentabenzopyran (HHCB); for all samples, concentrations of this compound ranged from an estimated concentration of 0.006 µg/L to 1.90 µg/L. The second highest concentration of a wastewater compound measured in the study was 1.4 µg/L for the compound 5-methyl-1H-benzotriazole, a corrosion inhibiter used in numerous products including dishwater detergents, de-icing fluids, automotive antifreeze formulations, brake fluids, fluids for industrial cooling systems, and metal-cutting fluids (Kiss and Fries, 2009). Sample concentrations for this compound ranged from an estimated 0.1 to 1.4 µg/L.…”

Section: Wastewater Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 82%

Compounds of emerging concern in the San Antonio River Basin, Texas, 2011–12

Lambert¹,

Opsahl²

2016

Fact Sheet

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“…in surface water [9][10][11] and even up to 126 mg L À1 in groundwater [12,13] due to their high usage, mobility and persistence. [14,15] Low to moderate removal in conventional WWTPs has been reported with elimination efficiencies in the range of 13-62 % for BT and 11-74 % for 5-TTri, which have been attributed to their resistance to biodegradation.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Photodegradation of three benzotriazoles induced by four FeIII–carboxylate complexes in water under ultraviolet irradiation

et al. 2013

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Environmental context. Benzotriazoles are chemicals widely used to inhibit corrosion in various industrial processes and in household products. They persist in aquatic environments, even under UV irradiation, and thus there is a need to improve their photolytic degradation to minimise the environmental exposure risks. We investigated the effects of four iron-carboxylate complexes on the UV photodegradation of three benzotriazoles in aqueous solutions and show that they significantly increase the degradation rates of benzotriazoles.Abstract. The effects of Fe III -carboxylate complexes on the photodegradation of three benzotriazoles (BTs), i.e. benzotriazole (BT), 5-methylbenzotriazole (5-TTri) and 5-chlorobenzotriazole (CBT) in aqueous solutions were investigated under exposure to UV irradiation at 254 nm in the presence of Fe III and four carboxylate ions (oxalate, tartrate, succinate and citrate). The results showed that the presence of Fe III -carboxylate complexes significantly enhanced the photodegradation rates of all three selected BTs. The photodegradation of BT, 5-TTri and CBT followed first-order reaction kinetics with half-lives ranging from 0.57 to 3.98 h for BT, 6.08 to 8.25 h for 5-TTri and 2.63 to 5.50 h for CBT in the four systems of the Fe III -carboxylate complexes. In comparison, the half-lives ranged between 3.40 and 4.81 h for BT, 6.42 and 11.55 h for 5-TTri and 4.13 and 6.79 h for CBT in pure aqueous solution and in the presence of Fe III or carboxylate. The degradation rates of these BTs were dependent on the pH values, type of carboxylate and Fe III / carboxylate ratios. Both BT and CBT showed the highest photodegradation rates with the shortest respective half-lives of 0.57 and 2.63 h at the initial Fe III /oxalate ratio of 10/200 mmol L À1 in aqueous solutions at pH 3, whereas 5-TTri had the highest photodegradation rate with the shortest half life of 6.08 h at the initial Fe III /succinate ratio of 10/10 mmol L À1 .

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Occurrence of benzotriazoles in the rivers Main, Hengstbach, and Hegbach (Germany)

Cited by 104 publications

References 19 publications

Photolysis of benzotriazole and formation of its polymerised photoproducts in aqueous solutions under UV irradiation

Photolysis of benzotriazole and formation of its polymerised photoproducts in aqueous solutions under UV irradiation

Compounds of emerging concern in the San Antonio River Basin, Texas, 2011–12

Photodegradation of three benzotriazoles induced by four FeIII–carboxylate complexes in water under ultraviolet irradiation

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