Occurrence of Biofilm Formation in Serratia fonticola and Pantoea sp. Isolates among Urinary Catheterized Patients

Abstract

Serratia fonticola and Pantoea sp. are gram negative bacteria belonging Enterobactericeae, which were considered opportunistic pathogens and resulted in a great number of cases of nosocomial infections with serious problems of multi-drug resistance, leading to increasing morbidity and mortality rate. Recently, they were recorded as biofilm producers. There were only a few studies about the capability of these bacteria of forming biofilm. So our aim was evaluate the occurrence of Serratia fonticola and Pantoea sp. biofilm former phenotypically and genetically with the determination of their abilities to multi-drug resistance. Serratia fonticola and Pantoea sp. isolated from urine catheterized patients who were hospitalized in Iraqi hospitals. They were then examined for detection of biofilm formation phenotypically by congo red and tissue culture plate methods and genetically by detecting SmaI and EsaI genes (quarm sensing genes) in Serratia fonticola and Pantoea sp. respectively by using polymerase chain reaction method and tested for antimicrobial susceptibility by disc diffusion and VITEK2 system according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Serratia fonticola at 3 and Pantoea sp. at 4 isolates revealed to possess the ability of forming biofilm which contained SmaI and EsaI genes with 100% resistance to most tested antibiotics except imipenem and azithromycin. SmaI and EsaI genes are present in Serratia fonticola and Pantoea sp. respectively, and are responsible for biofilm formation and considered as indicator; biofilm formation is a strong cause of multidrug resistance in bacteria.

Boosting Antimicrobial Activity of Imipenem in Combination with Silver Nanoparticles towards S. fonticola and Pantoea sp.

“…In addition to that, Hasson et al achieved the same study on the basis of esaI and smaI genes present in Pantoea sp. and S. fonticola, respectively [19]. These genes could be considered as the indicator of biofilm formation in urinary catheterized patients, which in turn was considered as a serious reason of multi-drug resistance in bacteria.…”

Molecular analysis of Carbapenem resistant genes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from Baghdad hospitals

“…20 Therefore, the detection of NDM harboring P. aeruginosa isolates in this study indicates the immediate importance of the establishment of surveillance to prevent nosocomial infections and dissemination of NDM in Baghdad hospitals. [21][22][23][24] In the study of these genes blaSPM, IMP, VIM1, GIM, IMI, OXA-48, OXA-40, OXA-58, OXA-23, OXA-24, and OXA51 were negative results (Figure 3).…”

Silver Nanoparticles as an Effective Anti-Nanobacterial System towards Biofilm Forming Pseudomonas oryzihabitans

“…= N1 × MW of AgNO 3 × 1000 = 0.0005 × 170 × 1000 = 85 µg/mL. The AgNPs for both methods were characterized using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), particle size distribution and zeta potential as mentioned by Al-Azawi et al and Hasson et al [27,28].…”