Occurrence of bovine giardiasis and endemic genetic characterization of Giardia duodenalis isolates in Heilongjiang Province, in the Northeast of China

Abstract

To determine the prevalence of bovine giardiasis in Heilongjiang Province in China and to molecularly characterize Giardia duodenalis, feces were collected from 814 dairy and beef cattle ranging in age from 6 days to 9 years. Clinical symptoms of diarrhea were recorded at the time of sampling. The G. duodenalis infection rate in cattle was 5.2 % (42/814) as determined by Lugol's iodine staining. G. duodenalis assemblages and subtypes were genetically diagnosed by sequence analysis of the triosephosphate isomerase (TPI) gene. Three assemblages were identified, representing A (n = 1), B (n = 18), and E (n = 24), with a mixed infection case of assemblages A and E. High heterogeneity was also observed within assemblages B and E at the TPI locus. Among the assemblages, eight subtypes of assemblage B and three subtypes of assemblage E were found to be novel subtypes. Findings on assemblages A and B are of public health importance. The zoonotic potential of bovine giardiasis needs to be further assessed by extensive genetic data of assemblages A and B from humans at the subtype level. The newly found subtypes of assemblages B and E imply that the evaluation of geographically distributed subtypes is of importance.

Multilocus genotyping of Giardia duodenalis isolates from calves in Oromia Special Zone, Central Ethiopia

“…Previous reports showed that assemblage A is more prevalent in pre-weaned calves than the older cattle (Mark-Carew et al, 2012;Trout et al, 2007;Wang et al, 2014). In our study, however, the vast majority of G. duodenalis isolates detected in calves were characterized as assemblage E. This finding was in accordance with previous reports regarding giardiasis as a common infection in younger farm animals (Liu et al, 2012;Wade et al, 2000).…”

Multilocus Genotyping of Giardia duodenalis in Dairy Cattle in Henan, China

“…In this study, the overall infection rate of G. duodenalis in cattle, ranging from newborn to 2 years old, was 7.2% (128/1777), which is a little higher than that recently reported in same-aged cattle in Heilongjiang Province, China (6.4%, 41/643) [24]. As is well known, the determinants of infection rates are complex and the rates are often affected by many factors, including the ages of the animals, sample size, examination methods, different management systems, the timing of specimen collection, and geoecological conditions.…”

“…However, there has been only one study of G. duodenalis infection in calves in Heilongjiang, China [24]. Therefore, because there are relatively few prevalence data available on G. duodenalis in cattle in China and an even greater lack of molecular data, we determined the prevalence of G. duodenalis in dairy cattle in Henan, China, and characterized it at the molecular level, using multilocus genotyping at the SSU rRNA, β-giardin ( bg ), glutamate dehydrogenase ( gdh ), and triosephosphate isomerase ( tpi ) loci.…”

First report of zoonotic Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia intestinalis and Enterocytozoon bieneusi in golden takins (Budorcas taxicolor bedfordi)

“…In this assemblage of our study, nucleotide sequences of the SSU rRNA gene was identical to human isolates in the Netherlands (AY826207, van der Giessen et al, 2006) and USA (U09492, van Keulen et al, 1995), a monkey isolate in Spain (HQ616612, Martínez-Díaz et al, 2011), and a horse isolate in Colombia (JX972180, Santín et al, 2013). No SNP was found at tpi and gdh loci, which were identical to reference sequences in dairy cattle in China (JN162356, Liu et al, 2012) and horses in Colombia (JX972185, Santín et al, 2013), respectively. There was only one subtype at the bg locus, which demonstrated 100% identity with human isolates in India (JF918481, unpublished paper), Egypt (HM171690, unpublished paper) and Australia (HQ179587, Wielinga et al, 2011).…”