Occurrence of chemical pollutants in major e-waste sites in West Africa and usefulness of cytotoxicity and induction of ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) in determining the effects of some detected brominated flame retardants and e-waste soil-derived extracts

Eze, Chukwuebuka ThankGod; Michelangeli, Francesco; Otitoloju, Adebayo A.; Eze, Obianuju Oluchukwu; Ibraheem, Omodele; Ogbuene, Emeka Bright; Ogunwole, Germaine Akinola

doi:10.1007/s11356-020-11155-7

Cited by 10 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 89 publications

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“…For example, environmental estrogens can induce mast cell degranulation [45]. Furthermore, mast cell degranulation correlates with cytotoxicity of chemical pollutants in e-waste soil-derived extracts from sites in Ghana, Benin, and Nigeria [46]. Furthermore, these samples differed significantly from control soils.…”

Section: Social and Environmental Bases Of Mast Cell Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Connecting the Dots in Emerging Mast Cell Research: Do Factors Affecting Mast Cell Activation Provide a Missing Link between Adverse COVID-19 Outcomes and the Social Determinants of Health?

Gorman

Syed

2022

Medical Sciences

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Evidence continues to emerge that the social determinants of health play a role in adverse outcomes related to COVID-19, including increased morbidity and mortality, increased risk of long COVID, and vaccine adverse effects. Therefore, a more nuanced understanding of the biochemical and cellular pathways of illnesses commonly associated with adverse social determinants of health is urgently needed. We contend that a commitment to understanding adverse outcomes in historically marginalized communities will increase community-level confidence in public health measures. Here, we synthesize emerging literature on mast cell disease, and the role of mast cells in chronic illness, alongside emerging research on mechanisms of COVID illness and vaccines. We propose that a focus on aberrant and/or hyperactive mast cell behavior associated with chronic underlying health conditions can elucidate adverse COVID-related outcomes and contribute to the pandemic recovery. Standards of care for mast cell activation syndrome (MCAS), as well as clinical reviews, experimental research, and case reports, suggest that effective and cost-efficient remedies are available, including antihistamines, vitamin C, and quercetin, among others. Primary care physicians, specialists, and public health workers should consider new and emerging evidence from the biomedical literature in tackling COVID-19. Specialists and researchers note that MCAS is likely grossly under-diagnosed; therefore, public health agencies and policy makers should urgently attend to community-based experiences of adverse COVID outcomes. It is essential that we extract and examine experiential evidence of marginalized communities from the broader political–ideological discourse.

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Section: Social and Environmental Bases Of Mast Cell Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Connecting the Dots in Emerging Mast Cell Research: Do Factors Affecting Mast Cell Activation Provide a Missing Link between Adverse COVID-19 Outcomes and the Social Determinants of Health?

Gorman

Syed

2022

Medical Sciences

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“…Despite the decline in production and use of these highly toxic compounds, they still pose a health problem due to their high persistence in the environment [27]. Significant amounts of BFRs have spread throughout the world, even to West Africa [6] and the polar regions [29]. Several epidemiological reports have demonstrated the presence of these organic compounds in humans and wildlife [22,35,39] emphasizing their ability to accumulate in many tissues [16,19,38,42].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proinflammatory microglial response is a common mechanism of Aroclor 1254- and Tetrabromobisphenol-A-induced neurotoxicity in immature chronically exposed rats

Dąbrowska-Bouta,

Sulkowski,

Frontczak-Baniewicz

et al. 2024

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Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and brominated flame retardants (BFRs) are dominant environmental and food contaminants. Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) is the most widely used BFR in the world to improve the fire safety of laminates in electrical and electronic equipment. Aroclor 1254, one of the PCBs, is widely distributed in the environment due to its extensive use in industrial applications around the world. Both groups of substances are potent toxicants. There is also increasing evidence that they have neurotoxic effects. In this study we tested the pro-inflammatory effects of Aroclor 1254 and TBBPA based on markers of microglial reactivity and levels of pro-inflammatory factors in the brain of immature rats. Aroclor 1254 or TBBPA were administered to the rats by oral gavage for two weeks at a dose of 10 mg/kg b.w. Both light and electron microscopy studies revealed features indicative of microglia activation in brains of exposed rats. Morphological changes were associated with overexpression of pro-inflammatory enzymes such as inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Analysis of cytokine/chemokine array revealed significant secretion of inflammatory mediators following exposure to both TBBPA and Aroclor 1254, which was stronger in the cerebellum than in the forebrain of exposed immature rats. The results indicate a pro-inflammatory profile of microglia activation as one of the neurotoxic mechanisms of both examined toxicants.

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E‐waste: mechanisms of toxicity and safety testing

Eze,

Vinken

2024

FEBS Open Bio

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Currently, information on the toxicity profile of the majority of the identified e‐waste chemicals, while extensive and growing, is admittedly fragmentary, particularly at the cellular and molecular levels. Furthermore, the toxicity of the chemical mixtures likely to be encountered by humans during and after informal e‐waste recycling, as well as their underlying mechanisms of action, is largely unknown. This review paper summarizes state‐of‐the‐art knowledge of the potential underlying toxicity mechanisms associated with e‐waste exposures, with a focus on toxic responses connected to specific organs, organ systems, and overall effects on the organism. To overcome the complexities associated with assessing the possible adverse outcomes from exposure to chemicals, a growing number of new approach methodologies have emerged in recent years, with the long‐term objective of providing a human‐based and animal‐free system that is scientifically superior to animal testing, more effective, and acceptable. This encompasses a variety of techniques, typically regarded as alternative approaches for determining chemical‐induced toxicities and holds greater promise for a better understanding of key events in the metabolic pathways that mediate known adverse health outcomes in e‐waste exposure scenarios. This is crucial to establishing accurate scientific knowledge on mixed e‐waste chemical exposures in shorter time frames and with greater efficacy, as well as supporting the need for safe management of hazardous chemicals. The present review paper discusses important gaps in knowledge and shows promising directions for mechanistically anchored effect‐based monitoring strategies that will contribute to the advancement of the methods currently used in characterizing and monitoring e‐waste‐impacted ecosystems.

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Occurrence of chemical pollutants in major e-waste sites in West Africa and usefulness of cytotoxicity and induction of ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) in determining the effects of some detected brominated flame retardants and e-waste soil-derived extracts

Cited by 10 publications

References 89 publications

Connecting the Dots in Emerging Mast Cell Research: Do Factors Affecting Mast Cell Activation Provide a Missing Link between Adverse COVID-19 Outcomes and the Social Determinants of Health?

Connecting the Dots in Emerging Mast Cell Research: Do Factors Affecting Mast Cell Activation Provide a Missing Link between Adverse COVID-19 Outcomes and the Social Determinants of Health?

Proinflammatory microglial response is a common mechanism of Aroclor 1254- and Tetrabromobisphenol-A-induced neurotoxicity in immature chronically exposed rats

E‐waste: mechanisms of toxicity and safety testing

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