Occurrence of chromatophoroma or chromatophoromatosis inSardinella longiceps(Valenciennes, 1847) from Tamilnadu, southeast coast of India

Abstract

The study was undertaken to analyse the prevalence of skin tumours in Sardinella longiceps, and to investigate the tumour type occurrence, distribution and histology. Fish samples were collected from three different landing centres (Cuddalore, Parangipettai and Nagapattinam) of Tamilnadu, southeast coast of India, from January 2014 to December 2014. A total of 192 661 individuals were examined, 750 of which had tumours for an overall prevalence of 0.39%. By station, higher prevalence was observed in Parangipettai (0.41%) followed by Cuddalore (0.39%) and Nagapattinam (0.36%). Chromatophoromas were predominant among the types of tumours in sardines. The multi-coloured cutaneous tumour masses were in the head and body skin. Among the chromatphoromas, the erythrophoromas were most abundant followed by melanophoromas, iridophoromas and leucophoromas. Histologically, the tumour lesions were characterized by hyperplastic pigment cells intermingled with fibroblasts. The grossmorphological and histopathological diagnoses of these lesions were compatible with erythrophoroma, melanophoroma, iridophoroma and leucophoroma.

Iridophoroma in Indian mackerel,Rastrelliger kanagurta(Cuvier, 1816)

“…Initially, it was assumed that these cells were simply variably differentiated cells of the same progenitor; however, recent studies revealed that they arise from different precursors (Ishikawa, Ohtani, & Miura, ; Matsumoto et al., ). Melanoma or melanophoroma are more frequent pigment cell tumours in fish than erythrophoromas (Camus et al., ), iridophoromas and leucophoromas (Okihiro, ; Singaravel et al., ). Melanophores are dendritic chromatophores that produce black pigment derived from tyrosine.…”

“…Neoplasms of iridophores, termed iridophoromas or guanophoromas, are characteristically birefringent with polarized light (Irizarry‐Rovira, Wolf, & Ramos‐Vara, ; Ishikawa, Masahito, Matsumoto, & Takayama, ). Iridophoromas are whitish or metallic silver in colour (Okihiro, ; Singaravel et al., ). Similarly, this present investigation with a whitish lesion was reported for the first time in R. kanagurta ; this type of iridophoroma has an invasive growth, but no gross evidence of distant metastasis (Heckers et al., ; Okihiro, ).…”

“…Tumours of these pigment cells are generally referred to as chromatophoroma or chromatoblastoma (Matsumoto, Ishikawa, Masahito, Oinava, & Takayama, ); these are uncommon tumours reported in fish, amphibians and reptiles (Schlumberger & Lucke, ). In fish, five hues of chromatophoroma have been reported, according to their specific chromatophores: melanophoroma or melanoma, erythrophoroma, xanthophoroma, iridophoroma or guanophoroma and leucophoroma (Bogovski & Bakai, ; Camus, Hyatt, Clauss, Berliner, & Camus, ; Okihiro, ; Okihiro, Whipple, Groff, & Hinton, ; Singaravel, Gopalakrishnan, Vijayakumar, Raja, & Asrafuzzaman, ).…”

Chromatoforoma’s bij reptielen

“…Neoplasieën van chromatoforen worden met een gemeenschappelijke term benoemd als chromatoforoma's en werden reeds beschreven bij vissen, reptielen en amfibieën (Schmidt-Posthaus et al, 2005;Camus et al, 2011;Martínez-Silvestre et al, 2011;Heckers et al, 2012;Muñoz-Gutiérrez et al, 2016;Schartl et al, 2016;Singaravel et al, 2016). In tegenstelling tot wat oorspronkelijk verondersteld werd, blijken chromatoforoma's relatief vaak voor te komen bij in gevangenschap gehouden reptielen, in het bijzonder bij dagactieve soorten die blootgesteld worden aan artificieel ultraviolet (UV) licht (Heckers et al, 2012;Heckers en Aupperle, 2014;Bielli et al, 2015;Lewis et al, 2015;Rivera et al, 2015).…”

Neoplasia in goldlined seabream, Rhabdosargus sarba (Forsskål, 1775)

“…Recently, however, we have reported a high incidence of tumours in both cultured and captured fish in India, such as Mugil cephalus (Jithendran, Natarajan, Pramoda, & Thiagarajan, ; Singaravel, Gopalakrishnan, Raja, Vijayakumar, & Asrafuzzaman, ), Sardinella longiceps (Gopalakrishnan et al., ; Sinduja, Vijayakumar, & Gopalakrishnan, ; Singaravel et al. , ; Singaravel, Gopalakrishnan, Vijayakumar, Raja, & Asrafuzzaman, ,b), Sphyraena barracuda (Gopalakrishnan et al., ), Chanos chanos (Ananda Raja, Panigrahi, & Kumar, ), Puntius sarana (Sahoo, Mohanty, Das, Mahapatra, & Saha, ), Sphyraena jello (Singaravel, Gopalakrishnan, Raja, Vijayakumar, & Asrafuzzaman, ,b; Vijayakumar, Gopalakrishnan, Raja, & Sinduja, ), Lates calcarifer (Vijayakumar, Raja, Singaravel, & Gopalakrishnan, ), Arius jella (Singaravel, Gopalakrishnan, Vijayakumar, & Raja, ) and Rastrelliger kanagurta (Singaravel, Gopalakrishnan, & Raja, ). Tumours in goldlined seabream ( R. sarba ) have not previously been seen, and to our knowledge, this is the first such report.…”