Occurrence of contact allergy and hand eczemas in hospital wet work

Lammintausta, Kaija; Kalimo, Kirsti; Havu, V. K.

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1982.tb04151.x

Cited by 75 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Romaguera et al (1985) reported positive reactions in 11 of 1023 children tested, a nearly identical prevalence rate of 1.1%, while Tunnessen (1984) reported a similar prevalence rate of 2.4%. These response rates for chromium sensitivity in children compare closely with the 1.3% prevalence rate reported by Lammintausta et al (1982) for 536 adult hospital employees. It should also be noted that these prevalence rates apply only to pédiatrie dermatology patients; the prevalence rate for chromium sensitivity in the general pédiatrie population is not known with certainty, but it may be inferred from these data that it is significantly less than 1%.…”

Section: Chromium Sensitivity In Childrensupporting

confidence: 79%

“…This is thought to be a result of the fact that chromium must first dissolve in sweat or some other liquid before it can be absorbed through the skin. Less than 3% of workers exposed to dry cement Jaeger and Pelloni, 1950Pirila, 1954Avnstorp, 1989Avnstorp, 1989Avnstorp, 1991Engebrigsten, 1952Korallus, 1974Rudzki et al, 1989Lee and Coh, 1988Hjerpe, 1986Lammintausta et al, 1982Winston and Walsh, 1951Rudski et al, 1989Peltonen and Fräki, 1983 dust have been sensitized to chromium (Avnstorp, 1989;Engebrigtsen, 1952).…”

Section: Occupational Experience With Hexavalent Chromiummentioning

confidence: 95%

“…The explanation is probably twofold: improved patch-test-clinical correlation by physicians, and a decrease in the extent of the exposure (Fowler, 1990). Recent data indicate that between 1.5 and 2.4% of dermatological patients react to patch testing with 0.5% potassium dichromate (Kanerva et al, 1988;Lammintausta et al, 1982;Lantinga et al, 1984;NACDG, unpublished data, 1990;Romaguera and Grimait, 1980;Romaguera et al, 1985;Schachner and Ling, 1983;Tunnessen, 1984).…”

Section: Clinical Experience With Hexavalent Chromiummentioning

confidence: 96%

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Review of the allergic contact dermatitis hazard posed by chromium‐contaminated soil: Identifying a “safe” concentration

Paustenbach

Sheehan

Paull

et al. 1992

Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health

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At least 200 sites in the United States contain soil with elevated levels of trivalent and hexavalent chromium [Cr(III) and Cr(VI)]. Although the potential cancer hazard posed by airborne Cr(VI) has been the primary concern for these sites, a soil cleanup standard based on the potential elicitation of allergic contact dermatitis has been proposed for sites in Hudson County, N.J. This paper describes the rationale for identifying a soil concentration of Cr(VI) that should not pose an allergic contact dermatitis hazard-even in sensitized persons. A literature review of eight published patch test studies that evaluated the allergic response to potassium dichromate was conducted. These studies were evaluated for clinical and statistical relevance in establishing a threshold dose of Cr(VI) to which no more than 10% of the subpopulation sensitized to chromium would respond, and that would protect at least 99.84% of the general population. Although each of the studies had certain methodological limitations when evaluated against current test methods, the data set proved useful for deriving an estimated threshold. Using computer data-fitting techniques based on truncated lognormal distributions, a weighted mean 10% threshold of approximately 150 ppm potassium dichromate or 54 ppm Cr(VI) was identified for the eight studies. Due to the types of limitations noted for these studies, this threshold is likely to be somewhat conservative. Test results have shown that between 5 and 10% of the Cr(VI) at concentrations less than about 500 ppm are released from a soil matrix into an isotonic saline solution simulating sweat. Using human sweat as the extractant, it has been shown that only 0.1% of the CR(VI) at concentrations of approximately 1,000 ppm are released from a soil matrix into sweat. Based on 10% solubilization of soil-bound Cr(VI) and the results of our statistical analysis of previous threshold studies, a concentration of approximately 350 to 500 ppm Cr(VI) in soil should be sufficiently low to protect virtually all exposed people, including children, from chromium-induced allergic contact dermatitis.

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Section: Chromium Sensitivity In Childrensupporting

confidence: 79%

Section: Occupational Experience With Hexavalent Chromiummentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Clinical Experience With Hexavalent Chromiummentioning

confidence: 96%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Review of the allergic contact dermatitis hazard posed by chromium‐contaminated soil: Identifying a “safe” concentration

Paustenbach

Sheehan

Paull

et al. 1992

Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health

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“…Nursing activities can cause hand dermatitis in many ways [3,4,6,[9][10][11][12][13][14][15][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26]. The main risk factor for developing hand dermatitis in nursing activities lies in the exposure to agents that are weakly toxic to the skin (irritants), i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of wet work in nurses

Jungbauer

Steenstra

Groothoff³

et al. 2005

Int Arch Occup Environ Health

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The characteristics of wet work in nurses differed substantially, depending on the ward. According to the German regulation TRGS 531, our observations classify nursing as a wet work occupation, due to the frequency of wet work rather than its duration. The mean duration of occlusion in our observations was short, which makes an occlusion-induced irritating effect doubtful. Reduction in wet work exposure in nursing on regular wards could focus on the reduction of the frequency of hand-washing and patient-washing. We suggest increasing the use of gloves for patient washing. Although this will increase exposure to occlusion from gloves, it may reduce the frequency of exposure to water and soap by about a quarter.

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“…In Europe, some studies have described occupational allergy in hospital employees [1][2][3][4][5] . Contact dermatitis of the hands was the major occupational skin disease among occupational allergies in these employees.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Occupational Allergy in Medical Doctors

Sato

Kusaka

Suganuma

et al. 2004

Journal of Occupational Health

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Occupational Allergy in Medical Doctors: Kazuhiro SATO, et al. Department of Environmental Health, School of Medicine, University of FukuiAllergic diseases have increased in many developed countries including Japan. Doctors are also at risk for allergic diseases from exposure to allergens in working conditions and hospital environments. We investigated the factors relating to occupational allergy in doctors. Self-administered questionnaires were mailed to all doctors (n=895) who had previously graduated from School of Medicine, Fukui Medical University. Data from 307 responders (response rate: 34.3%, male 241, female 66, mean age ± S.D., 30.8 ± 4.2) were analyzed. Eighty-nine doctors stated that they had occupational allergy including contact dermatitis, allergic rhinitis and/ or asthma. Fifty-four had contact dermatitis caused by surgical gloves; 77 had contact dermatitis from disinfectants, e.g. 23 from chlorhexidine gluconate; 21 from povidone iodine; and 15 from ethanol. Fifteen doctors experienced allergic rhinitis and/or asthma caused by handling laboratory animals. Univariate analysis showed that profession (surgical doctors) and past histories of allergic diseases (rhinitis, sinusitis, or atopic dermatitis) were significantly related to occupational allergy in doctors, but that gender, smoking or physical exercise were not significantly related to it. A logistic regression analysis showed that past histories of allergic diseases and the profession of surgical doctors were significantly related to occupational allergy, but that gender, age or smoking were not significantly related to it. The results of the present study suggest that past history of allergic diseases is a factor predisposing to occupational allergy in doctors. It is necessary and possible to extend more prophylactic measures for doctors, especially for surgeons, because exposure to responsible agents and materials for them can be more frequent.

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Occurrence of contact allergy and hand eczemas in hospital wet work

Cited by 75 publications

References 17 publications

Review of the allergic contact dermatitis hazard posed by chromium‐contaminated soil: Identifying a “safe” concentration

Review of the allergic contact dermatitis hazard posed by chromium‐contaminated soil: Identifying a “safe” concentration

Characteristics of wet work in nurses

Occupational Allergy in Medical Doctors

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