Occurrence of Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia spp. in a public water-treatment system, Paraná, Southern Brazil

Almeida, Jonatas Campos de; Martins, Felippe Danyel Cardoso; Neto, José Maurício Ferreira; Santos, Maíra Moreira; Garcia, João Luís; Navarro, Italmar Teodorico; Kuroda, Emília Kiyomi; Freire, Roberta Lemos

doi:10.1590/s1984-29612015051

Cited by 27 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 38 publications

(39 reference statements)

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“…The presence of C. hominis in raw sewage samples indicates the occurrence of cryptosporidiosis in humans in the study area. The presence of C. parvum in sewage specimens may suggest the occurrence of an urban zoonotic cycle in this geographic region as this species has also been found in our area in raw water (ALMEIDA et al, 2015). Nevertheless, since C. parvum infects a wide range of hosts, we were unable to determine if the oocysts were of human or animal origin.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

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Surveillance of Giardia and Cryptosporidium in sewage from an urban area in Brazil

Martins

Ladeia

Toledo

et al. 2019

Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet.

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Cryptosporidium and Giardia are protozoan parasites that cause diarrhea in humans and animals. Molecular characterization of these pathogens in sewage may provide insight on their occurrence and prevalence in Brazil. This study aimed to investigate the presence of Giardia and Cryptosporidium in raw and treated sewage from Londrina, Paraná, Brazil. Samples were collected every two weeks during a year. Samples were concentrated, then DNA was extracted and subjected to a nested PCR targeting the Giardia 18S rRNA gene and the Cryptosporidium 18S rRNA gene. Species of Cryptosporidium were characterized by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). All raw sewage and 76% of the treated sewage were positive for Giardia; 84% of raw sewage samples and 8% of treated sewage were positive for Cryptosporidium. C. muris, C. hominis, C. baileyi, C. parvum and C. suis were detected in 100%, 19%, 9%, 9% and 4% of raw sewage, respectively. C. muris was the only species found in treated sewage. Multiple species of Cryptosporidium were present in 19.04% of the raw sewage. Treated sewage water can pose a threat to human health. The speciation of Cryptosporidium revealed the presence of non-common zoonotic species as C. suis and C. muris.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…In Brazil, these organisms have been found in a variety of samples from different sources including raw water, spring water, bottled water, treated sewage, raw sewage, sewage sludge, and vegetables (ALMEIDA et al, 2015;BONATTI & FRANCO, 2016;BRANCO et al, 2012;FRANCO & CANTUSIO, 2002;SANTOS et al, 2011;TIYO et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surveillance of Giardia and Cryptosporidium in sewage from an urban area in Brazil

Martins

Ladeia

Toledo

et al. 2019

Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet.

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“…in recreational waters, but many studies have identified oocysts of the parasite in water sources used for human consumption (ARAÚJO et al, 2011;BASTOS et al, 2004;CARDOSO et al, 2003;CORTES et al, 2014;SANTOS et al, 2004). Almeida et al (2015) analyzed samples of untreated water and found 8.33% positive samples for Cryptosporidium sp. in the city of Londrina, Paraná.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence of Cryptosporidium spp. oocytes in artificial beaches of Itaipu Lake, Paraná, Brazil

Snak

Soares

Silva

et al. 2017

SCA

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Cryptosporidiosis is an emerging zoonosis that causes many outbreaks worldwide. Its main route of transmission is the consumption of contaminated water or food. In Brazil, data on to the occurrence of cryptosporidiosis in animals and in humans are scarce; thus, it is important to determine the occurrence of Cryptosporidium sp. and to identify possible sources of water and food contamination in order to prevent the disease and, consequently, preserve of human health. From July/2011 to March/2012, five liters of water were collected in 10 different locations from eight artificial beaches of Itaipu Lake, Paraná, in a total of 40 samples. In two other small beaches of the lake, water was also collected from two different sites of each beach, given their size and because they were made up of water from different sources. Samples were analyzed by the modified Ziehl-Neelsen technique and nested-PCR (nPCR). All samples were negative in the modified Ziehl-Neelsen; only one (2.25%) sample was positive in nPCR. These results indicate that PCR is a more sensitive technique for the identification of Cryptosporidium in water samples. In this study, it was not possible to identify the species involved and, thus, the source of infection. Water contamination by Cryptosporidium oocytes can be caused by livestock kept near waterways, and by the people who use the place for recreational purposes. These results demonstrate risk for people who use the lake. Care should be determined to prevent the transmission of this important zoonosis.

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“…Em 2001, oocistos de Cryptosporidium spp. foram encontrados em fezes de indivíduos com diarreia no Hospital das Clínicas da cidade de São Paulo (Gonçalves et al, 2006 Almeida et al (2015) encontraram cistos de Cryptosporidium spp e oocistos de Giardia spp. em amostras de água antes e depois do tratamento em uma ETA de ciclo completo.…”

Section: Protozoários Em áGuas De Abastecimentounclassified

Avaliação e tratamento da água de lavagem dos filtros e dos resíduos sedimentados gerados pela tecnologia de ciclo completo contendo oocistos de <i>Cryptosporidium</i> spp. e cistos de <i>Giardia</i> spp.

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Occurrence of Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia spp. in a public water-treatment system, Paraná, Southern Brazil

Cited by 27 publications

References 38 publications

Surveillance of Giardia and Cryptosporidium in sewage from an urban area in Brazil

Surveillance of Giardia and Cryptosporidium in sewage from an urban area in Brazil

Occurrence of Cryptosporidium spp. oocytes in artificial beaches of Itaipu Lake, Paraná, Brazil

Avaliação e tratamento da água de lavagem dos filtros e dos resíduos sedimentados gerados pela tecnologia de ciclo completo contendo oocistos de <i>Cryptosporidium</i> spp. e cistos de <i>Giardia</i> spp.

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