Occurrence of Cryptosporidium spp oocysts and Giardia spp cysts in sewage influents and effluents from treatment plants in England

Bukhari, Zia; Smith, H. V.; Sykes, N.; Humphreys, S. W.; Paton, C.A.; Girdwood, R. W. A.; Fricker, C. R.

doi:10.1016/s0273-1223(97)00290-4

Cited by 41 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The absolute values of the concentrations are not comparable, because of different detection methods(Bonadonna et al 2002). But most studies reported that the concentration of Giardia was higher than that of Cryptosporidium, no matter using which kind of detection method(Rose et al 1996;Bukhari et al 1997;Zuckerman et al 1997;Payment et al 2001;Harwood et al 2005;Ottoson et al 2006;Robertson et al 2006;Lim et al 2007), as indicated by this study.Through the treatment processes, the concentrations of Cryptosporidium and Giardia reduced gradually. After secondary treatment, the concentrations of Cryptosporidium and Giardia dropped to below 9 oocysts L 21 and 32 cysts L 21 respectively.…”

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confidence: 66%

Monitoring and evaluation of removal of pathogens at municipal wastewater treatment plants

Xie

Huang

et al. 2010

Water Science and Technology

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The concentrations and removal of Cryptosporidium, Giardia, and microbial indicators, including somatic coliphages and fecal coliforms were investigated through the wastewater treatment processes at three municipal wastewater treatment plants in Beijing, China. The experimental results showed that the concentrations of Cryptosporidium in untreated wastewater, primary treatment effluent, secondary treatment effluent, tertiary treatment effluent were 33-600, 67-333, 0-9 and 0-0.4 oocysts L(-1), and that of Giardia were 130-3,600, 533-2,033, 0-32 and 0-2.1 cysts L(-1), respectively. The reduction ratios of Cryptosporidium and Giardia by the primary treatment process were 0.12 log and 0.18 log, respectively. Oxidation ditch process had higher reduction efficiency to Cryptosporidium and Giardia than anaerobic-anoxic-oxic process and conventional activated sludge process, probably because of longer retention time and higher sludge concentration. Membrane ultrafiltration had a notably better efficiency to reduce microorganisms, especially Cryptosporidium and Giardia, than conventional flocculation sedimentation and sand filtration process, as the tertiary treatment. Comparing with total coliforms, fecal coliforms and heterotrophic bacteria, concentration of somatic coliphages was correlated better with that of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in untreated wastewater and secondary treatment effluent.

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confidence: 66%

Monitoring and evaluation of removal of pathogens at municipal wastewater treatment plants

Xie

Huang

et al. 2010

Water Science and Technology

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“…Basically this photocatalyst is prepared by thermal potable water from the public network free from C. parvum and G. lamblia was dechlorinated and then purposely contaminated simultaneously with these protozoa. It is very common in real waters (Bukhari et al 1997;Hancock et al 1998) to have simultaneously more than one microorganism of which one could be more sensitive to disinfection than others. For the present study and in order to mimic more closely real conditions we added to the water the two protozoa.…”

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confidence: 99%

Photocatalytic water disinfection of Cryptosporidium parvum and Giardia lamblia using a fibrous ceramic TiO2 photocatalyst

Navalón

Álvaro

Garcı́a

et al. 2009

Water Science and Technology

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Cryptosporidium parvum and Giardia lamblia are two of the most chlorine resistant microorganisms with notable adverse effects on humans. Our study shows that waters containing these two protozoa at low concentrations can be efficiently disinfected in continuous flow by using a commercial fibrous ceramic TiO(2) photocatalyst. The efficiency of the photocatalytic disinfection is largely enhanced by adding a small concentration of chlorine. In this way, the residence time on the photoreactor can be considerably shortened. In contrast, under the same conditions and radiance power, UV light without any photocatalyst is significantly less efficient, particularly for G. lamblia. These results exemplify the advantages of the photocatalytic process for safe and complete water disinfection.

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Protozoan Parasites: Fate in Wastewater Treatment Plants

Schwartzbrod

Maux

Chesnot

2003

Encyclopedia of Environmental Microbiology

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Occurrence of Cryptosporidium spp oocysts and Giardia spp cysts in sewage influents and effluents from treatment plants in England

Cited by 41 publications

References 7 publications

Monitoring and evaluation of removal of pathogens at municipal wastewater treatment plants

Monitoring and evaluation of removal of pathogens at municipal wastewater treatment plants

Photocatalytic water disinfection of Cryptosporidium parvum and Giardia lamblia using a fibrous ceramic TiO2 photocatalyst

Protozoan Parasites: Fate in Wastewater Treatment Plants

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