Occurrence of Demodex species in patients with blepharitis and in healthy individuals: a 10-year observational study

Biernat, Monika; Rusiecka-Ziółkowska, Jolanta; Piątkowska, Elżbieta; Helemejko, Iwona; Biernat, Paweł; Gościniak, Grażyna

doi:10.1007/s10384-018-0624-3

Cited by 62 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…in blepharitis is still controversial. Most authors demonstrate a higher prevalence of Demodex mites in patients with blepharitis compared to healthy controls [ 9 , 22 , 23 ], which in accordance with our study, whereas some authors show a similar prevalence of Demodex mites in blepharitis and control groups. Kemal found Demodex in 28.8% (49/170) of patients with blepharitis and in 26.7% (88/330) of controls [ 24 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…In recent years, the Demodex infestation has become an increasing public health concern. Mites can be found in all human races around the world [ 9 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 ]. D. folliculorum occurs more frequently than D. brevis and infestation by both species increases with age [ 19 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…infestation is associated with acne vulgaris, rosacea, and seborrheic dermatitis [ 8 ]. Ophthalmic demodicosis manifests as persistent blepharitis [ 9 ], chalazion, and dry eye syndrome [ 10 ] or may be associated with eyelid basal cell carcinoma [ 11 ]. The ocular invasion of Demodex may be asymptomatic; however, when it results in blepharitis, the symptoms vary from being a chronic condition, dry eye, to a severe compromise of the ocular surface with a morbid impact on patients’ quality of life [ 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence of Ocular Demodicosis and Ocular Surface Conditions in Patients Selected for Cataract Surgery

Nowomiejska

Łukasik

Brzozowska

et al. 2020

JCM

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The aim of the study was to analyze the prevalence of ocular demodicosis and ocular surface conditions in patients selected for cataract surgery. Eyelashes from 73 patients selected for cataract surgery were evaluated at × 40 and × 100 magnification using light microscopy. The anterior segment was assessed with the slit lamp. Additionally, Schirmer I and break up time (BUT) tests were carried out before surgery and 1 and 3 months postoperatively. A specially designed questionnaire containing e.g. information about chronic skin and eye diseases, previous ophthalmic surgeries, and patient's hygiene habits was used to assess the demographic variables. A majority of patients were at the age of 70–79 years, and there were more females (83%) in the study group. Demodex folliculorum was found in 48% of the patients. There was a correlation between the number of parasites and the presence of blepharitis, discharge at eyelid margins, and conjunctival hyperemia. Schirmer I and BUT test results were lower in patients with Demodex infestation before and after cataract surgery. The higher number of mites was correlated with lower Schirmer I test results postoperatively. The presence of Demodex mites influences the conjunctiva and lid margins leading to inflammation. The higher number of Demodex mites disturbs the tear film over time after cataract surgery.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence of Ocular Demodicosis and Ocular Surface Conditions in Patients Selected for Cataract Surgery

Nowomiejska

Łukasik

Brzozowska

et al. 2020

JCM

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“…In the study analyzing the frequency of Demodex folliculorum infestation in patients with urological cancers, possible relationship between the cancer as the immunosuppressive state, and the increased Demodex folliculorum incidence was detected [25]. Demodex mites were also reported to be isolated from eyelashes and associated with blepharitis [26][27][28].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pre-Treatment and Post-Treatment Demodex Densities in Patients under Immunosuppressive Treatments

et al. 2020

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Background and Objectives: Demodex species are common obligatory parasites and normally present in low number in human beings. Immunosuppression was suggested to be associated with increased density of Demodex mites. Systemic glucocorticoids, cyclosporine, methotrexate, and azathioprine are commonly used immunosuppressive agents. We aim to determine the pre- and post-treatment Demodex densities in patients receiving immunosuppressive therapy and compare with those of healthy subjects. Materials and Methods: Demodex density was investigated at the beginning, first, and third months of the immunosuppressive therapy in 45 patients who received methotrexate, cyclosporine, systemic steroid, or azathioprine treatments and in 45 healthy subjects at the same time as the patients. Five standardized skin surface biopsies were taken from cheeks, forehead, nose, and chin of the patients and control group. The presence of five or more parasites in 1 cm2 area was considered as positive. Results: Demodex test was negative at the beginning of the treatment in all patients. Demodex test was positive in one patient in the first and third months of treatment and in three patients only in the third month of treatment. In the control group, Demodex test was determined as positive in just one healthy individual at the beginning, first and third months of the study. When the patient and control groups were evaluated in terms of Demodex number, there was a statistically significant difference in Demodex density in patients treated with immunosuppressive treatment in the first and third months when compared with the control group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Immunosuppressive treatment might increase the number of Demodex mites and demodicidosis should be kept in mind in patients on immunosuppressive treatment.

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“…We also identified 19 primary research studies evaluating ocular Demodex in those with blepharitis and/or MGD. [32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50] All of these studies were cross-sectional (Level IV evidence), aside from two recent case-control studies. As summarised in Table 2, among observational studies investigating the aetiology of ocular Demodex in individuals with blepharitis, the reported prevalence ranged from 29% (compared to an age-matched control group of 27%) 46 to 90% in symptomatic patients in a hospital setting (compared to 18% in aged-matched controls).…”

Section: General Populationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ocular Demodex: a systematic review of the clinical literature

Zhang

Müntz

Wang

et al. 2020

Ophthalmic Physiologic Optic

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Purpose: There is increasing clinical and research interest in the potential contribution of Demodex to ocular surface disease. The aim of this systematic review was to summarise and synthesise current clinical evidence relating to the aetiology, diagnosis and treatment of ocular Demodex. Recent findings: A comprehensive literature search was performed in OVID Medline, OVID Embase, and clinical trial registries, for studies published between 1990 and August 2019, examining Demodex on the ocular surface. The review included primary clinical research studies and systematic reviews of primary clinical research studies, where Demodex was considered in the context of the ocular surface and/or adnexa. Studies were categorised using the National Health and Medical Research Council evidence hierarchy. Risk of bias assessment was performed using validated tools for studies categorised as providing Level I or II evidence. A total of 87 studies were eligible for inclusion, including two systematic reviews. Most studies (60%) were observational, describing the prevalence of ocular Demodex in different clinical populations. There was a high degree of variability in the epidemiological data derived from cross-sectional aetiology studies. There was mostly consistent evidence to support an association between ocular Demodex and chronic blepharitis. Seven diagnostic test-accuracy studies were identified, which considered a range of techniques, including slit lamp examination for cylindrical eyelash collarettes and/or eyelash manipulation techniques, light microscopic evaluation of epilated eyelashes and in vivo confocal microscopy. There is currently no accepted gold-standard diagnostic method for ocular Demodex. For intervention studies, there was one systematic review, 11 published randomised trials, six trial registry entries, and nine case series. Despite a number of recent trials, the appropriate treatment regimen for ocular Demodex (including the optimal criteria and timing of an intervention) is not clearly established. Conclusions: This comprehensive narrative synthesis has captured the landscape of clinical evidence relating to the prevalence, aetiology, diagnosis and treatment of ocular Demodex. There remain opportunities to enhance understanding of its role in ocular surface disease, best diagnostic approaches and optimal treatment protocols.

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Occurrence of Demodex species in patients with blepharitis and in healthy individuals: a 10-year observational study

Cited by 62 publications

References 20 publications

Prevalence of Ocular Demodicosis and Ocular Surface Conditions in Patients Selected for Cataract Surgery

Prevalence of Ocular Demodicosis and Ocular Surface Conditions in Patients Selected for Cataract Surgery

Pre-Treatment and Post-Treatment Demodex Densities in Patients under Immunosuppressive Treatments

Ocular Demodex: a systematic review of the clinical literature

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