Occurrence of Diplococcus pneumoniae in the upper respiratory tract of children

Loda, Frank A.; Collier, Albert M.; Glezen, W. Paul; Strangert, Katherine; Clyde, Wallace A.; Denny, Floyd W.

doi:10.1016/s0022-3476(75)80120-x

Cited by 116 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The study group comprised children undergoing adenotonsillectomy, but the rates and downward trend with age of nasal colonization were similar to those reported previously in healthy children by us and others [29][30][31]. Further, the trends with age in levels of serum IgG antibodies to the pneumococcal protein antigens in this group resembled trends we observed in several sets of sera from healthy UK children (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

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Serum and mucosal antibody responses to pneumococcal protein antigens in children:relationships with carriage status

et al. 2005

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Streptococcus pneumoniae causes significant morbidity and mortality especially in children. Some pneumococcal protein antigens can protect mice against infection. Little information is available concerning the nature of naturally acquired protective immunity to pneumococci in humans induced by these antigens. This study investigates the relationships between systemic and local antibody production and carriage in children. Children undergoing adenoidectomy (n=112, ages 2-12 years) were studied. Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected for pneumococcal culture. Serum and saliva were assayed for antibodies to several pneumococcal proteins: choline binding protein A (CbpA), pneumolysin (Ply), pneumococcal surface adhesin A (PsaA) and pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA). Adenoidal mononuclear cells (MNC) were cultured with pneumococcal culture supernatants or recombinant proteins. Cell culture supernatants were analyzed for antigen-specific antibodies. Carriage rates fell with age and serum levels of anti-CbpA, Ply and PspA rose. Anti-CbpA and -Ply serum and salivary IgG antibody levels were higher in children who were culture negative than those who were colonized. Antigen stimulation increased respective antigen-specific IgG production by adenoidal MNC and these responses were greater in those who were colonized than in culture-negative children. Antibodies to CbpA and Ply may protect children aged 2 years and older against pneumococcal colonization. Adenoids may be important local induction and effector sites for both mucosal and systemic antibody production to pneumococcal proteins in children.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…Pneumococcal colonization of the nose is common in young children, and becomes rarer as they approach school age [29,30]. We provide the first data on naturally acquired human mucosal immunity to several pneumococcal antigens in this age group.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Serum and mucosal antibody responses to pneumococcal protein antigens in children:relationships with carriage status

et al. 2005

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“…For example, Hendley et al (1975) encountered a rate of 38 % amongst pre-school children in Virginia in 1972. Somewhat higher rates were found by Loda et al (1975) amongst children in North Carolina 1970-4: for example, carriage rates were 47 % in children aged 1 year and 52 % in children aged 4 years; these children attended a day-care centre which may have accounted for the higher rates. An earlier study in the United Kingdom by Masters et al (1958) showed carriage rates of about 50 % amongst children in Paddington (London) in the 1950s.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Pneumococcal carriage amongst children in Adelaide, South Australia

Hansman¹,

Morris²

1988

Epidemiol. Infect.

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SUMMARYAmongst 1267 healthy children 6 months to 4-5 years of age in Adelaide, the pneumococcal carriage rate from a single nasal swab sampling was 29% in the period 1980-1. Of 269 children, sampled monthly on five occasions, 91 % carried a pneumococcus on one or more occasions: 55 % carried a single type, 33 % carried two types, 2 % carried three types and 1 % carried four types; 18 % carried a pneumococcus on either 4 or 5 occasions. The commonest types encountered were types 6, 19 and 23 in that order, and these three types constituted 57 % of the total: other common types ( > 5 % of the total) were types 14, 15 and 11, and the six commonest types constituted 77 % of the total. Of these, types 6, 14, 19 and 23 commonly cause systemic disease in children; on the other hand types 11 and 15 cause disease infrequently. The number of strains showing antimicrobial drug resistance was low: on quantitative testing 0 7 % of 291 isolates examined showed relative resistance to benzylpenicillin and 07 % were resistant to tetracycline; 10-9 % of 230 isolates examined showed resistance to co-trimoxazole; dual or multiple drug resistance was not detected, and all isolates tested were susceptible to chloramphenicol, erythromycin, lincomycin and rifampicin.

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“…The lower colonizing rate and the shorter duration of carriage in the adults studied, may be correlated with the prevalence of serum antibodies to the colonizing types of pneumococci, whereas children had low or undetectable levels of these antibodies. 27,28 The rate of carriage of penicillin-nonsusceptible S. pneumoniae strains isolated from the nasopharynx of children in the DCC studied, was extraordinarily high (49%) in the study children. Our findings are less impressive than ones reported by Chiou and cols.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…[9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21] Recent research established daycare attendance as an important factor influencing the epidemiology of many infectious diseases. [26][27][28] A number of studies have demonstrated a strong association between daycare attendance and increased carriage of S. pneumoniae, especially of resistant strains. 13,28,29 Study findings demonstrated that daycare attendance and patterns of antibiotic use may be important factors influencing the epidemiology of antibiotic-resistant bacteria.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carriage of antibiotic-resistant pneumococci in a cohort of a daycare center

Gómez-Barreto¹,

Calderón-Jaimes²,

Rodrı́guez³

et al. 2002

Salud pública Méx

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ResumenObjetivo. Analizar longitudinalmente la dinámica de colonización por Streptococcus pneumoniae, determinar la prevalencia, los factores de riesgo potencial para la colonización nasofaríngea con cepas de neumococo resistentes, determinar los serotipos y el perfil de sensibilidad a varios fár-macos antimicrobianos. Material y métodos. Estudio prospectivo de una cohorte de niños de guardería, hecho de septiembre de 1997 a septiembre de 1999 entre 53 niños asistentes a la guardería del Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, atendida por 20 empleados. Todos los participantes fueron seguidos en forma prospectiva, tomándose exudado nasofaríngeo cada cuatro meses. Los S. pneumoniae aislados se tipificaron y sometieron a pruebas de sensibilidad a diversos fármacos. Las razones de momios y la prueba exacta de Fisher o ji cuadrada se efectuaron a través de tablas de contingencia; se utilizaron intervalos de confianza a 95% para las razones de momios. Para el análisis se empleó el programa estadístico EPI INFO, versión 6.04 a. Resultados. S. pneumoniae se recuperó de 45/53 niños en una o más de las tomas. Se aisló un total de 178 cepas. El promedio de portador fue de 47%. Sólo siete adultos adquirieron un neumococo durante el estudio. Los tipos 6, 14, 19 y 23 representaron 77% del total. Se encontró elevada resistencia a la penicilina y eritromicina. Conclusiones. El estado de portador nasofaríngeo de S. pneumoniae, es un proceso dinámico. La colonización ocurre durante los primeros meses de vida y comprende solamente unos cuantos serotipos de neumococo. El estado portador disminuye conforme avanza la edad. Se encontró alta proporción de portadores con cepas resistentes de neumococo. Los niños que recibieron varios cursos de antimicrobianos, fueron Patients were enrolled in the study during a two-year period from September 1997 to September 1999. All the participants were followed prospectively, swabbing them every four months. The strains recovered were typed and screened for susceptibility to several antibiotics. The daycare records were reviewed also. Odds ratios and fisher's exact test: or chi square test of significance were computed from contingency tables as appropriate. Exact 95% confidence intervals were computed for odds ratios. Data analysis was performed using Epi statistics program version 6.04 a.Results. Pneumococci were recovered from 45/53 of the infants at one or more visits. A total of 178 isolates were carried. The carriage rate was 47%. Only 7 adults acquired pneumococci during the study. Types 6,14,19 and 23 were prevalent and represented 77% of the total. Antibioticresistant strains were higher to penicillin and erythromycin. Conclusions. Children were frequent carriers of pneumococci, the rate of carriage was high in infancy and tended to decrease with age. The types commonly carried by children were the same as those causing invasive disease. There is a high proportion of carriers with antibiotic-resistant S. pneumoniae strains. Children who have had frequent antimicrobial courses are at p...

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Occurrence of Diplococcus pneumoniae in the upper respiratory tract of children

Cited by 116 publications

References 11 publications

Serum and mucosal antibody responses to pneumococcal protein antigens in children:relationships with carriage status

Serum and mucosal antibody responses to pneumococcal protein antigens in children:relationships with carriage status

Pneumococcal carriage amongst children in Adelaide, South Australia

Carriage of antibiotic-resistant pneumococci in a cohort of a daycare center

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