Occurrence of Endophytes in European Cultivars, Seed Lots, and Ecotypes of Festuca Species

Pfannmöller, M.; Eggestein, St.; Schöberlein, W.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-0271-9_13

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…In silage production, the grass is cut before panicle growth. Consequently, increased investment in reproduction would probably have no impact on yields of forage, but it may partly explain why cultivar seed lots often show very high incidences of infection (Pfannmöller et al. , 1997; Saikkonen et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endophyte infection, nutrient status of the soil and duration of snow cover influence the performance of meadow fescue in sub‐artic conditions

Wäli

Helander

Nissinen

et al. 2008

Grass and Forage Science

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Neotyphodium endophytic fungi are beneficial for certain cultivated grass species by increasing the stress tolerance and herbivore resistance of their host plants. These grass endophytes have been widely studied in temperate regions. Endophyte-infected grasses are also cultivated in sub-artic conditions, but studies on the effects of endophyte infection on grasses under conditions of prolonged snow cover are scarce. A 2-year field experiment was conducted with two originally endophyteinfected meadow fescue (Schedonorus pratensis) cultivars. The growth and reproduction of endophyte-infected (E+) and endophyte-free (E)) plants of two cultivars at two sites, differing in nutrient status and duration of snow cover, were compared at the latitude of the Arctic Circle in Finland. Endophyte infection enhanced plant performance most at the site with the higher nutrient status and the shorter duration of snow cover. The difference in growth between E+ and E) grasses increased during the second growing season and was most pronounced in the reproductive investment of grasses, but the benefits of endophyte infection for reproductive mass were cultivar-dependent. At the site with the lower nutrient status, costs of endophyte infection on the vegetative growth of grasses were found. The results suggest that Neotyphodium infection may benefit meadow fescue in sub-arctic conditions but the extent of the effects is dependent on the cultivar and the environment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endophyte infection, nutrient status of the soil and duration of snow cover influence the performance of meadow fescue in sub‐artic conditions

Wäli

Helander

Nissinen

et al. 2008

Grass and Forage Science

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“…However, endophyte benefits to the host plant are indirect and more complex. Examples of such benefits may include Neotyphodium endophyte's role in increased biotic and abiotic stress resistance (Hill 1994;Pfannmöller et al 1997). Also, grasses are protected from leaf insect herbivores, nematodes, and some fungal pathogens when infected with endophytic fungi (Kimmons et al 1990;Clay et al 1993).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Neotyphodium endophyte-tall fescue symbiosis on mineralogical changes in clay-sized phlogopite and muscovite

2010

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Numerous studies have been conducted to determine the positive effects of Neotyphodium endophye-tall fescue symbiosis on plant resistance to different stresses. However, its effects on the uptake of potassium (K) and transformation of K-bearing minerals are not yet known. The objective of this research was to investigate the possible effects of such symbiosis on the transformation of clay-sized micaceous minerals. Tall fescue genotype 75B, both infected and non-infected with natural Neotyphodium endophyte, was cultivated in a mixture of quartz sand and phlogopite or muscovite. Pots were irrigated with distilled water and complete or K-free nutrient solutions for a period of 140 days. K concentrations in shoot and root were determined using a flame photometer and the clay-sized particles in each pot were analyzed using an X-ray diffractometer. Results revealed vermiculitization of phlogopite under both nutrient solutions. In addition to vermiculite, smectite was detected as a newly formed mineral in phlogopiteamended pots. In contrast, a very weak rate of vermiculitization was observed in muscovite-treated media. The rate of phlogopite transformation was significantly higher under the endophyte-infected plants, particularly when the K-free nutrient solution had been applied. Also, the significant decrease in pH value in the rhizosphere of infected plants confirmed the positive effect of endophyte-tall fescue symbiosis on mineral transformation.

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“…Since their first detection in Lolium temulentum in 1898 (Nestler 1898, Vogl 1898) fungal endophytes were found in numerous wild and commercially cultivated fescue species, especially in tall fescue pastures in the USA (Shelby andDalrymple 1987, Bacon andSiegel 1988). Screening of European material revealed remarkable infection levels for cultivars of meadow fescue (Pfannmo¨ller et al 1997). An even higher incidence of endophytes was reported for fescue ecotypes of permanent grassland throughout Central and Southern Europe (Clement et al 1997, Piano 1999, Zabalgogeazcoa et al 1999, Lewis 2000.…”

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Detection of endophytic fungi in Festuca spp. by means of tissue print immunoassay

Hahn

Huth²,

Schöberlein

et al. 2003

Plant Breeding

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Many wild and cultivated grasses live in mutualistic symbiosis with endophytic fungi of the genera Neotyphodium and Epichloe¨. These associations are of agronomic importance because endophytes may induce a range of beneficial effects for the host plant but also produce alkaloids detrimental to livestock. Conventional detection of endophytes by means of histological staining is time-consuming and not suited for large numbers of samples. Therefore, in order to simplify the detection of endophytic fungi the utility of tissue print immunoassay (TPIA) was studied and compared with the commonly used microscopic analysis. Ecotypes collected from natural grassland habitats and plants from field experiments were analyzed for endophyte infection. Both methods provided similar results. Based on stained or non-stained mycelium in tissue prints, endophyte-infected (E+) and endophyte-free (E-) tillers and inflorescences of Festuca pratensis, F. arundinacea and F. rubra were clearly distinguishable. Prints of cross sections of tillers allow the precise localization of endophyte infection within the plant tissues. Because TPIA allows the examination of endophytes in individual branches and segments of inflorescences it is a useful method for dissemination studies. Tissue print immunoassay appears to be a reliable method suited for routine work in research, practical grassland management and selection of defined E+ or E-material for breeding.

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Occurrence of Endophytes in European Cultivars, Seed Lots, and Ecotypes of Festuca Species

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

Endophyte infection, nutrient status of the soil and duration of snow cover influence the performance of meadow fescue in sub‐artic conditions

Endophyte infection, nutrient status of the soil and duration of snow cover influence the performance of meadow fescue in sub‐artic conditions

Effect of Neotyphodium endophyte-tall fescue symbiosis on mineralogical changes in clay-sized phlogopite and muscovite

Detection of endophytic fungi in Festuca spp. by means of tissue print immunoassay

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