Occurrence of fleshy fungi from agricultural fields

Baird, Richard E.; Summer, D. R.; Mullinix, B. G.; Dowler, C. C.; Phatak, S. C.; Johnson, A. W.; Chalfant, Richard B.; Chandler, L. D.; Baker, S. H.

doi:10.1007/bf01103706

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Their stimulated growth under the longer-term chlorimuron-ethyl application would make the soybean plants more easily suffer from root rot disease. C. violaceu, A. smaragdula, and Xerocomus chrysenteron are the fleshy fungi, the direct competitor for the saprophytic substrates with overwintering plant pathogens such as R. solani (Baird et al 1993). Their disappearance further increased the risk of plant diseases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological risk of long-term chlorimuron-ethyl application to soil microbial community: an in situ investigation in a continuously cropped soybean field in Northeast China

Zhang

et al. 2010

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Under the long-term stress of chlorimuron-ethyl, the diversity and evenness of soil microbial community decreased, and more importantly, some bacterial and fungal species that possibly benefited soybean's growth, e.g., Acidobacteria, γ-proteobacteria, Cortinarius violaceu, Acarospora smaragdula, and Xerocomus chrysenteron decreased or demised, while some species that could induce the obstacle of soybean's continuous cropping, e.g., Fusarium oxysporum, Rhizoctonia solani, and Phytophthora sojae, increased or appeared. Some actinomycetes were inhibited having negative effects on the antagonism between soil microbes. It is considered that due to the longer half-life of chlorimuron-ethyl in soil and the resistance and resilience of soil microbes to short-term environmental stress, long-term in situ investigation rather than laboratory microcosm test or short-term field experiment would be more appropriate to the accurate assessment of the ecological risk of long-term chlorimuron-ethyl application. Further studies should be made on the application mode and duration of chlorimuron-ethyl to reduce the possible ecological risk of applying this herbicide on continuously cropped soybean field.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological risk of long-term chlorimuron-ethyl application to soil microbial community: an in situ investigation in a continuously cropped soybean field in Northeast China

Zhang

et al. 2010

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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“…Conservation tillage systems are increasingly being used throughout the United States and in other parts of the world (22). To qualify as "no-tillage" a cultivation system must leave at least 30% of the debris on the soil surface (3). Many fungi survive on debris from harvested soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.).…”

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confidence: 99%

Diversity and Longevity of the Soybean Debris Mycobiota in a No-Tillage System

et al. 1997

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The survival of the mycobiota on pod and stem debris of soybean produced in a no-tillage system with cover crops of alfalfa, canola, rye, or wheat or with no cover was studied during 1994 and 1995. Fiberglass mesh bags containing pods and stems were assayed every 28 to 31 days to determine the isolation frequency of fungi. Over 90% of the 11,906 isolates obtained were members of the Deuteromycotina. The most common genera isolated were Alternaria, Cercos-pora, Colletotrichum, Epicoccum, Fusarium, and Phoma. Alternaria spp. had the greatest isolation frequencies and constituted 40% of the total cultures. Numbers of total fungi (all fungi isolated) on sampling dates in 1994 were similar to the totals in 1995. In May 1994, the mean isolation rates for many of the fungal species were significantly lower (P = 0.05) in several of the cover crops, but no consistent pattern could be determined. Common soybean pathogens isolated included Colletotrichum spp., Diaporthe spp., and Cercospora kikuchii. Fusarium graminearum, which is responsible for several diseases of maize and wheat, was commonly isolated during this study. Of the Diaporthe spp. (anamorph Phomopsis spp.), 87% were identified as D. phaseolorum var. sojae. Colletotrichum spp. were identified as C. truncatum in 85% of the isolates, C. destructivum (teleomorph Glomerella glycines) in 12%, and both species in 3%. Cercospora kikuchii was more commonly isolated from pods than from stem tissue, and Colletotrichum spp. occurred more frequently on stems. Isolation frequencies of Diaporthe spp. were greater in May of both years than in the preceding months. These results show that no-tillage soybean debris harbors numerous fungi pathogenic to soybean, and producers who grow soybeans continuously may find more disease in this crop and lower yields. Fungi that attack crops such as maize and wheat were commonly isolated from soybean debris in both years, and a no-tillage rotation which includes maize or wheat could result in increased disease in these crops. Isolation frequencies of the fungi from cover crops varied with the sampling date, but no consistent patterns could be determined for a particular cover crop or fungal species. This is the first detailed study of survival rates of soybean, maize, and wheat pathogens that overwinter on soybean debris in a no-tillage system.

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“…Rye plots were mowed on 25 March 1992 and 11 March 1993, and ail plots were moldboard plowed on 8 and 15 April for 1992 and 1993, respectively. Standard cultural practices were followed for fertilization, weed, and insect control for peanut (Johnson et al 1987) and cotton (Baird et al 1993d). …”

Section: Gibbs Farmmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pathogenic fungi such as R. solani AG-4, Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc, and Pythium spp., may be in direct compéti-tion with saprophytic fungi or bacteria that survive and grow on the débris. Thèse saprophytes may be antagonistic or parasitic to the pathogens, and thereby serve as natural biological control agents (Baird et al 1993d). Comprehensive studies to evaluate the influence of currently used rotational crops such as bahiagrass {Paspalum notatum Flùgge), cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) or corn (Zea mays L.) on the peanut shell mycobiota hâve not been conducted to date.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of crop rotation and flutolanil on the diversity of fungi on peanut shells

Baird¹,

Bell²,

Sumner³

et al. 2005

phyto

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Les agents pathogènes du sol qui affectent les arachides (Arachis hypogaea) survivent ou hivernent souvent sur les écales d'arachides laissées sur ou dans le sol. Les effets de diverses rotations de cultures sur la flore fongique des écales d'arachides ont été comparés par trois tests en champ menés en 1992 et en 1993. Dans deux des tests, les parcelles d'arachides cultivées de façon continue ont été traitées ou non traitées avec le fongicide flutolanil. Les pratiques de rotation ont varié avec la localisation, et les cultures en rotation avec les arachides étaient le coton (Gossypium hirsutum), le seigle (Secale céréale), l'herbe de Bahia (Paspalum notatum), et le maïs (Zea mays). Au total,31 genres de champignon ont été isolés des écales. Plus des deux tiers des isolats étaient des Deutéromycètes, suivis en fréquence par les Basidiomycètes, les Ascomycètes et les Phycomycètes. Les pratiques de rotation ont affecté l'incidence de plusieurs champignons pathogènes (par exemple, les Fusarium spp. et le Lasiodiplodia theobromae) sur les écales d'arachides, mais les résultats n'ont pas été cohérents entre les tests et les années. L'herbe de Bahia ou le maïs cultivés en rotation avec les arachides ont réduit la fréquence du Rhizoctonia solani AG-4 dans les écales. Le Rhizoctonia solani AG-2-2 et le Macrophomina phaseolina ont été isolés à des niveaux plus élevés dans la rotation herbe de Bahia-arachide. Quand les arachides étaient cultivées en rotation avec le coton avec ou sans une culture de couverture de seigle, les parcelles recouvertes de seigle avaient des taux d'isolement moindres pour les champignons totaux en 1992 que les parcelles sans seigle, mais aucune différence n'a été observée en 1993. De plus, plusieurs espèces de Fusarium ont été isolées plus fréquemment des écales provenant de parcelles en rotation avec le seigle. Le flutolanil a diminué significativement les taux d'isolement de plusieurs champignons, incluant le R. solani AG-4, dans un des essais en 1992. L'ensemble des champignons isolés (en combinant tous les isolats de champignon) sur les parcelles traitées au flutolanil étaient plus élevés en 1993, mais pas en 1992 sur un des sites. Les taux d'isolement pour les différents genres et espèces de champignon différaient sur les deux milieux utilisés (agar à l'extrait de malt et agar au sel de malt). En particulier, l’AIternaria alternata et des espèces de Fusarium ont été isolés plus fréquemment sur l'agar au sel de malt, tandis que L theobromae, R. solani AG-4 et Trichoderma spp. Étaient plus souvent rencontrés sur l'agar à l'extrait de malt.Soilborne pathogens of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) often survive or over winter on peanut shells left on or in the soil. The effects of different crop rotations on the peanut shell mycobiota were compared in three field trials in 1992 and repeated in 1993. In two of the trials, plots grown continuously to peanut were either treated with the fungicide flutolanil or left untreated. Rotation practices varied with location and the crops in rotation with peanut were ...

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Occurrence of fleshy fungi from agricultural fields

Cited by 5 publications

References 5 publications

Ecological risk of long-term chlorimuron-ethyl application to soil microbial community: an in situ investigation in a continuously cropped soybean field in Northeast China

Ecological risk of long-term chlorimuron-ethyl application to soil microbial community: an in situ investigation in a continuously cropped soybean field in Northeast China

Diversity and Longevity of the Soybean Debris Mycobiota in a No-Tillage System

Influence of crop rotation and flutolanil on the diversity of fungi on peanut shells

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