Occurrence of HBV/HIV coinfection by laboratory values in Roma, Lesotho

Mugomeri, Eltony; Senauoane, Mamakoli Blandina; Ruhanya, Vurayai; Chin'ombe, Nyasha; Nyandoro, George

doi:10.11599/germs.2015.1065

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…10,24 Several studies have reported an association be-tween raised serum ALT at baseline and HBV-HIV co-infection. 21,[25][26][27] This is in line with our findings, and is not surprising as HIV infection promotes both HBV replication and reactivation, leading to a more aggressive natural history of HBV and chronic hepatitis B, which is associated with elevated transaminase levels. 12 While some studies have observed an association between HBV co-infection, male sex and low CD4 cell counts (200 cells/ mm 3 ), 9,11,15,28 we did not find any such an association.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Screening was also enhanced by the availability of an onsite laboratory and funding through partnership with a non-governmental organisation. The observed HIV-HBV prevalence was comparable with results from Zimbabwe in 2014, 15 and from other African countries such as Mozambique and Lesotho, 8,21 but was higher than the prevalence reported from Ghana, Ethiopia and South Africa. 10,11,22 An earlier study in Zimbabwe with samples collected in 2003-2009 showed a higher HIV-HBV prevalence of 17%.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

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Hepatitis B infection in people living with HIV who initiate antiretroviral therapy in Zimbabwe

Goverwa-Sibanda¹,

Mupanguri

Timire

et al. 2020

public health action

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Setting: There is little information about the diagnosis and treatment of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in people living with HIV (PLHIV) in Zimbabwe despite recommendations that tenofovir (TDF) + lamivudine (3TC) is the most effective nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) backbone of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in those with dual infection.Objective: To determine 1) numbers screened for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg); 2) numbers diagnosed HBsAg-positive along with baseline characteristics; and 3) NRTI backbones used among PLHIV initiating first-line ART at Mpilo Opportunistic Infections Clinic, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe, between October 2017 and April 2019.Design: This was a cross-sectional study using routinely collected data.Results: Of the 422 PLHIV initiating first-line ART (median age 34 years, IQR 25–43), 361 (85%) were screened for HBV, with 10% being HBsAg-positive. HBsAg positivity was significantly associated with anaemia (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR] 2.3, 95%CI 1.1–4.7) and elevated ala-nine transaminase levels (aPR 2.9, 95%CI 1.5–5.8). Of 38 PLHIV who were diagnosed HBsAg-positive, 30 (79%) were started on ART based on tenofovir (TDF) and lamivudine (3TC), seven were given abacavir (ABC) + 3TC-based ART and one was given zido vudine (ZDV) + 3TC-based ART.Conclusion: In PLHIV, HBV screening worked well, the prevalence of HIV-HBV co-infection was high and most patients received appropriate treatment for both conditions. Recommendations to improve screening, diagnosis and treatment of HIV-HBV co-infection are discussed.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Hepatitis B infection in people living with HIV who initiate antiretroviral therapy in Zimbabwe

Goverwa-Sibanda¹,

Mupanguri

Timire

et al. 2020

public health action

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“…7 Our data are in line with the HBsAg prevalence among adults living with HIV reported in a smaller earlier study in Lesotho 7 and in contrast to a second study conducted in Lesotho, which reported a considerably higher HBsAg prevalence of 10.5%. 8 The latter data came, however, from a single health facility in a predominantly urban setting. A recent meta-analysis noted a co-seroprevalence of 4.4% for the Southern African region.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Published prevalence data for HBV and HCV in Lesotho, a small country in Southern Africa with the second‐highest HIV prevalence globally, 6 are limited. Two older and rather small retrospective cohort studies in Lesotho found hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positivity among HIV‐positive individuals in 5.5% and 10.5% of the patients, and prevalence of anti‐HCV antibodies of 0.5% 7,8 . Both studies, however, did not assess HBV or HCV activity, and thus, the clinical relevance remains unclear.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low rates of active hepatitis B and C infections among adults and children living with HIV and taking antiretroviral therapy: A multicenter screening study in Lesotho

Amstutz

Nsakala

Cheleboi

et al. 2020

Journal of Medical Virology

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Lesotho presents the second‐highest adult human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevalence globally. Among people living with HIV, data on hepatitis B virus (HBV) or hepatitis C virus (HCV) coinfection are limited. We report HBV and HCV coinfection data from a multicentre cross‐sectional study among adult and pediatric patients taking antiretroviral therapy in 10 health facilities in Lesotho. Among 1318 adults screened (68% female; median age, 44 years), 262 (20%) had immunologically controlled HBV infection, 99 (7.6%) tested anti‐HBs positive and anti‐HBc negative, indicating vaccination, and 57 (4.3%) had chronic HBV infection. Among the patients with chronic HBV infection, 15 tested hepatitis B envelope antigen (HBeAg) positive and eight had detectable HBV viremia (median, 2 477 400 copies/mL; interquartile range, 205‐34 400 000) with a mean aspartate aminotransferase‐to‐platelet ratio index of 0.48 (SD, 0.40). Prevalence of HCV coinfection was 1.7% (22 of 1318), and only one patient had detectable HCV viremia. Among 162 pediatric patients screened, three (1.9%) had chronic HBV infection, whereby two also tested HBeAg‐positive, and one had detectable HBV viral load (210 copies/mL). Six of 162 (3.7%) had anti‐HCV antibodies, all with undetectable HCV viral loads. Overall prevalence of chronic HBV/HIV and HCV/HIV coinfection among adults and children was relatively low, comparable to earlier reports from the same region. But prevalence of immunologically controlled HBV infection among adults was high. Of those patients with chronic HBV infection, a minority had detectable HBV‐DNA.

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Prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection and treatment eligibility in Lesotho, Southern Africa: a population-based cross-sectional study with case-based follow-up

Firima,

Ntsoaki,

Lukau

et al. 2024

bmjph

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Background and aimsThere is no data on hepatitis B virus (HBV) prevalence and treatment eligibility among the general population in Lesotho. We aimed to determine the prevalence of HBV infection in a large-scale cross-sectional survey among the general population in Lesotho, assess determinants of seropositivity, and evaluate treatment eligibility according to the 2024 WHO guidelines.Approach and resultsWe conducted a household-based, cross-sectional survey among participants≥10 years old in 120 randomly sampled village clusters in two districts. From participants screened positive for HBV surface antigen (HBsAg), we collected dried blood spots for HBV DNA measurement and referred the participants to health facilities for clinical assessment and treatment eligibility evaluation.Out of 6709 participants screened, 6705 had a valid HBsAg test result (3509 (52.3%) female, median age 33 years (IQR: 20–53)), which was positive in 78 participants, yielding a prevalence of 1.2% (95% CI: 0.9 to 1.4). Being≥18 years old, male, living in urban areas, living with HIV, consuming tobacco and belonging to higher wealth index quintiles, were associated with increasing odds of HBV infection. Of the 78 participants with HBV infection, 62 (79.5%) linked to care. Among these, 25/62 (40.3%) were also living with HIV and 23/25 (92%) already taking antiretroviral treatment active against HBV. Among the remaining, 10/37 (27.0%) were eligible for antiviral treatment based on HBV DNA, Aspartate aminotransferase to Platelet Ratio Index or alanine aminotransferase levels.ConclusionsWe observed a low prevalence of HBV infection among Basotho. Treatment eligibility was high mostly due to the presence of HIV co-infection. However, nearly one-third of HBV mono-infected participants were eligible for treatment, suggesting a testing and treatment gap in this population.

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Occurrence of HBV/HIV coinfection by laboratory values in Roma, Lesotho

Cited by 3 publications

References 14 publications

Hepatitis B infection in people living with HIV who initiate antiretroviral therapy in Zimbabwe

Hepatitis B infection in people living with HIV who initiate antiretroviral therapy in Zimbabwe

Low rates of active hepatitis B and C infections among adults and children living with HIV and taking antiretroviral therapy: A multicenter screening study in Lesotho

Prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection and treatment eligibility in Lesotho, Southern Africa: a population-based cross-sectional study with case-based follow-up

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