Occurrence of human visceral leishmaniasis in the Central-West region of Brazil: A systematic review

Ávila, Isabela Resende; Araújo, Giovanna Rotondo de; Barbosa, David Soeiro; Bezerra, Juliana Maria Trindade

doi:10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106707

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 51 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Nonetheless, the authors of two epidemiologic studies involving a large number of dogs, which took into account the presence of clinical signs of CanL, described that the age distribution for affected animals was bimodal, with a first peak corresponding to animals of around 3 years of age and a second, less evident, peak representing animals around 8 years old ( 30 , 31 ). Age also seems to be an important risk factor associated with visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in humans according to two systematic reviews ( 35 , 36 ) such that children are more susceptible to both infection and illness. Our results point to younger dogs controlling the disease less effectively and thus being more likely to have formed CIC.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical validation of circulating immune complexes for use as a diagnostic marker of canine leishmaniosis

Sarquis,

Parody,

Montoya

et al. 2024

Front. Vet. Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

IntroductionCanine leishmaniosis (CanL) is a systemic disease that affects dogs. When multiplication of the parasite cannot be controlled, dogs consistently show high levels of antigen and IgG antibodies, which lead to the formation of circulating immune complexes (CIC). Timely intervention to reduce the parasite load and CIC levels is crucial for preventing irreversible organ damage. However, a diagnostic test to quantify CIC levels is currently lacking.MethodsIn this real-world study, we aimed to examine the performance of a new ELISA to measure CIC levels in dogs naturally infected with Leishmania infantum. Thirty-four dogs were treated according to their clinical condition and followed for 360 days. Before (day 0) and after treatment (days 30, 90, 180, 270, and 360), all dogs underwent a physical examination, and blood samples were obtained for CBC, biochemical profile, serum protein electrophoresis and IFAT. Serum PEG-precipitated CIC were determined by ELISA.ResultsOur results indicate higher CIC levels in dogs in advanced disease stages showing higher antibody titres (p < 0.0001, r = 0.735), anemia (p < 0.0001), dysproteinemia (p < 0.0001), and proteinuria (p = 0.004). Importantly, dogs responding well to treatment exhibited declining CIC levels (p < 0.0001), while in poor responders and those experiencing relapses, CIC were consistently elevated. CIC emerged as a robust discriminator of relapse, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.808. The optimal cut-off to accurately identify relapse was an optical density of 1.539.DiscussionOur findings suggest that declining CIC levels should be expected in dogs showing a favorable treatment response. Conversely, in dogs displaying a poor response and recurrent clinical relapses, CIC levels will be high, emphasizing the need for vigilant monitoring. These findings suggest that CIC could serve as a valuable biomarker for disease progression, treatment efficacy, and relapse detection in CanL. Our study contributes to enhancing diagnostic approaches for CanL and underscores the potential of CIC as a complementary tool in veterinary practice. As we move forward, larger studies will be essential to confirm these findings and establish definitive cut-offs for clinical application.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical validation of circulating immune complexes for use as a diagnostic marker of canine leishmaniosis

Sarquis,

Parody,

Montoya

et al. 2024

Front. Vet. Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…[2] It affects predominantly financially disadvantaged people and is regarded as one of the most neglected tropical diseases. [3] The parasite is transferred by the bite of phlebotomine sand flies (Phlebotominae). Therefore, poor housing conditions, lack of hygiene and lack of garbage disposal supporting the spread of the sand fly represent risk factors for the infection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is assumed that 350 million people worldwide are potentially affected by this disease [2] . It affects predominantly financially disadvantaged people and is regarded as one of the most neglected tropical diseases [3] . The parasite is transferred by the bite of phlebotomine sand flies ( Phlebotominae ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Late‐Stage Diversification of Pyrazoles as Antileishmanial Agents

Winge,

Perry,

Matheeussen

et al. 2024

ChemMedChem

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

N‐Pyrazolylcarboxamides and N‐pyrazolylureas represent promising lead compounds for the development of novel antileishmanial drugs. Herein, we report the late‐stage diversification of 3‐bromopyrazoles 10A/B and 14A by Pd‐catalyzed Sonogashira and Suzuki‐Miyaura cross coupling reactions. The electron‐withdrawing properties of the cyano moiety in 4‐position of the pyrazole ring limited the acylation of the primary amino moiety in 5‐position. A large set of pyrazoles bearing diverse aryl and alkynyl substituents in 3‐position was prepared and the antileishmanial and antitrypanosomal activity was recorded. The urea 38 lacking the electron withdrawing cyano moiety in 4‐position and containing the large 4‐benzylpiperidinoo moiety exhibited a modest antileishmanial (IC50 = 19 µM) and antitrypanosomal activity (IC50 = 7.9 µM)). However, its considerable toxicity against the PMM and MRC‐5 cells indicates low selectivity, i.e. a small gap between the desired antiparasitic activity and undesired cytotoxicity of <2‐ to 4‐fold.

show abstract

“…The clinical spectrum of this disease depends on the parasite species and the host immune response in both animals and humans, varying in the latters from asymptomatic infection (i.e., 80%–95%) to different clinical and subclinical manifestations (i.e., 5%–20% of cases) (Ávila et al, 2023; Ibarra‐Meneses et al, 2022; Paltrinieri et al, 2010). In humans, immunosuppressive conditions are considered risk factors for VL (Saini et al, 2022), though asymptomatic infections are probably underestimated (Iatta et al, 2021; Michel et al, 2011; Šiško‐Kraljević et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…to different clinical and subclinical manifestations (i.e., 5%-20% of cases) (Ávila et al, 2023;Ibarra-Meneses et al, 2022;Paltrinieri et al, 2010). In humans, immunosuppressive conditions are considered risk factors for VL (Saini et al, 2022), though asymptomatic infections are probably underestimated (Iatta et al, 2021;Michel et al, 2011;Šiško-Kraljević et al, 2013).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence of Leishmania infantum in outdoor workers from southern Italian endemic regions

Morea

Stufano

Sgroi

et al. 2023

Zoonoses and Public Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Visceral leishmaniasis is a zoonotic vector‐borne disease caused by Leishmania infantum. The infection often remains asymptomatic, though clinical forms may occur in immunosuppressed individuals. Although data on leishmaniasis in humans are available worldwide, the exposure to L. infantum of workers conducting outdoor activities has been scantly investigated, and it is limited to military personnel operating in endemic regions. This study aimed to assess the seroprevalence of L. infantum in different groups of outdoor workers and the occupational risk factors. The cross‐sectional study was performed on 229 workers including forestry guards, farmers, veterinarians, geologists and agronomists from three regions of southern Italy (i.e., Apulia, Basilicata and Campania). All serum samples were screened for L. infantum‐specific IgG/IgM by using automated indirect chemiluminescent immunoassays. Overall, 5.7% (13/229) of workers was positive to anti‐L. infantum antibodies, with the highest seroprevalence in veterinarians (13.6%). An increased occupational health surveillance for L. infantum infection in outdoor workers is essential to better understand the risk of exposure in specific jobs. Furthermore, guidelines and education along with a One Health collaboration among veterinarians, physicians, parasitologists and occupational health care professionals are crucial for the prevention of this disease.

show abstract

Occurrence of human visceral leishmaniasis in the Central-West region of Brazil: A systematic review

Cited by 8 publications

References 51 publications

Clinical validation of circulating immune complexes for use as a diagnostic marker of canine leishmaniosis

Clinical validation of circulating immune complexes for use as a diagnostic marker of canine leishmaniosis

Late‐Stage Diversification of Pyrazoles as Antileishmanial Agents

Seroprevalence of Leishmania infantum in outdoor workers from southern Italian endemic regions

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About