Occurrence of<i>Phytophthora</i>Species in Recirculated Nursery Irrigation Effluents

MacDonald, J. D.; Ali‐Shtayeh, Mohammed S.; Kabashima, John N.; Stites, J.

doi:10.1094/pd-78-0607

Cited by 82 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 14 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…El agua recirculada infestada dentro y entre viveros favorece la dispersión de propágulos de Phytophthora en forma de zoosporas, a plantas sanas y a zonas donde no se encontraba (MacDonald et al, 1994;Stewart-Wade, 2011). Por lo que, los protocolos eficaces para detectar a este oomicete en agua de riego son esenciales.…”

Section: Isolation Of Phytophthoraunclassified

“…Recirculated water infested within and between nurseries favors the dispersal of Phytophthora propagules in the form of zoospores, healthy plants and areas where it was not found (MacDonald et al, 1994;Stewart-Wade, 2011). Therefore, effective protocols to detect this oomycete in irrigation water are essential.…”

Section: Aislamiento De Phytophthora De Suelo O Sustrato De Siembramentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Protocolos de aislamiento y diagnóstico de Phytophthora Spp.: enfoque aplicado a la investigación

Plancarte

Alvarado

Pavía

et al. 2017

Remexca

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ResumenEl propósito de esta revisión es dar a conocer al investigador, protocolos fundamentales que se emplean para el aislamiento, diagnóstico e identificación de Phytophthora spp., cubriendo aspectos generales del género para una mejor comprensión y análisis del mismo. Esta información será de utilidad para investigadores que trabajan con enfermedades causadas por este oomicete, y va dirigida a países de América Latina. Actualmente, se emplean métodos convencionales y moleculares para la detección e identificación de especies de Phytophthora. Los métodos convencionales incluyen el uso de claves taxonómicas, la observación de síntomas y detección de signos del patógeno en las plantas enfermas y el aislamiento del agente causal del tejido vegetal infectado, del suelo que rodea a las raíces y de las fuentes de agua utilizadas para el riego, usando medios de cultivo generales o selectivos. Los métodos moleculares proporcionan resultados que son más precisos en la identificación de Phytophthora, además de que se pueden realizar en lapsos de tiempo más cortos y no es indispensable que el investigador tenga experiencia en AbstractThe purpose of this review is to make known to the researcher, fundamental protocols that are used for the isolation, diagnosis and identification of Phytophthora spp., covering general aspects of the genus for a better understanding and analysis of the same. This information will be useful for researchers working with diseases caused by this oomycete, and is mainly addressed to countries in Latin America. Currently, conventional and molecular methods are used for the detection and identification of Phytophthora species. Conventional methods include the use of taxonomic keys, observation of symptoms and detection of signs of the pathogen in diseased plants, and isolation of the causative agent of infected plant tissue, soil surrounding roots and water sources used for irrigation, using general or selective culture media. Molecular methods provide results that are more accurate in Phytophthora identification and can be performed in shorter time periods and it is not essential that the researcher has experience in aspects of the morphology of members

show abstract

Section: Isolation Of Phytophthoraunclassified

Section: Aislamiento De Phytophthora De Suelo O Sustrato De Siembramentioning

confidence: 99%

Protocolos de aislamiento y diagnóstico de Phytophthora Spp.: enfoque aplicado a la investigación

Plancarte

Alvarado

Pavía

et al. 2017

Remexca

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…For such testing to be cost-effective, planning and knowledge about the development of oomycete populations in time is vital. The majority of quantitative studies of oomycete populations in water use either baiting methods [5] or, more recently, quantitative PCR, with only a very few directly plating and quantifying viable colony forming units (CFU) [6][7][8]. Simple methods that can estimate CFU development as a function of environmental variables will enhance testing capabilities.…”

Section: Digital Signaturementioning

confidence: 99%

A simple model describes development of early peaks in oomycete zoospore inoculum detected in southern UK outdoors horticultural reservoirs

Pettitt

Skjøth

2016

Acta Agrobot

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The numbers of water-borne oomycete propagules in outdoor reservoirs used in horticultural nurseries within the UK are investigated in this study. Water samples were recovered from 11 different horticultural nurseries in the southern UK during Jan-May in 2 "cool" years (2010 and 2013; winter temperatures 2.0 and 0.4°C below UK Met Office 30 year winter average, respectively) and 2 "warm" years (2008 and 2012; winter temperatures 1.2 and 0.9°C above UK Met Office 30 year winter average, respectively). Samples were analyzed for total number of oomycete colony forming units (CFU), predominantly members of the families Saprolegniaceae and Pythiaceae, and these were combined to give monthly mean counts. The numbers of CFU were investigated with respect to prevailing climate in the region: mean monthly air temperatures calculated by using daily observations from the nearest climatological station. The investigations show that the number of CFU during spring can be explained by a linear first-order equation and a statistically significant r 2 value of 0.66 with the simple relationship:where a is the rate of inoculum development with temperature T, and b is the baseload population at temperatures below T b . Despite the majority of oomycete CFU detected being non-phytopathogenic members of the Saprolegniaceae, total oomycete CFU counts are still of considerable value as indicators of irrigation water treatment efficacy and cleanliness of storage tanks. The presence/absence of Pythium spp. was also determined for all samples tested, and Pythium CFU were found to be present in the majority, the exceptions all being particularly cold months (January and February 2010, and January 2008). A simple scenario study (+2 deg C) suggests that abundance of water-borne oomycetes during spring could be affected by increased temperatures due to climate change.

show abstract

“…They are commonly found in horticultural as well as forest tree nurseries all over the world, and the species diversity seems to have increased in recent years (MacDonald et al 1994, Themann et al 2002, Jung & Blaschke 2004, Davidson et al 2006, Schwingle et al 2007, Jung 2009, Moralejo et al 2009a, Yakabe et al 2009, Hulvey et al 2010, Goss et al 2011. They cause root and collar rot, dieback, damping off, aerial bark lesions on stems as well as twig and leaf blights on various plant species.…”

Section: New Species Of Phytophthora In Nurseries and Natural Ecosystemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytophthora in Finnish nurseries

Rytkönen¹

2011

Diss. For.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

International trade and travel have facilitated the spread of harmful organisms around the world. Human-mediated movement of plants and plant products is now generally accepted to be the primary mode of introduction of pathogens and pests. Species of Phytophthora, a genus of plant pathogens, are commonly spread in this way and have caused severe epidemics in silviculture, horticulture and natural systems all over the world.The objective of the study was to gather information on the occurrence of Phytophthora spp. in Finnish nurseries. Furthermore, the aim was to produce information for risk assessments for these Phytophthora spp. and establish molecular means for their detection. Phytophthora cactorum was found to persist in natural waterbodies and results suggest that irrigation water might be a source of inoculum for the disease in nurseries. In addition to P. cactorum, isolates from ornamental Rhododendron in nurseries yielded three species new to Finland: P. ramorum, P. plurivora and P. pini. The only species with quarantine status, P. ramorum, was able to persist in the nursery in spite of an annual European Commission sanitation protocol. Phytophthora plurivora and the closely related P. pini had more hosts among Nordic tree species and other plants abundant in Finnish nurseries and forest ecosystems. They were also found to have higher infectivity rates compared to P. ramorum and P. cactorum. All four species survived two weeks in -5 °C , and thus soil survival of these Phytophthoras in Finland is likely under current climatic conditions.The most common tree species in Finnish nurseries, Picea abies, was highly susceptible to P. plurivora and P. pini in pathogenicity trials. In a histological examination of P. abies shoot tissues inoculated with P. plurivora zoospores, fast necrotrophic growth was observed in nearly all tissues of the fresh shoot. The production of propagules in P. abies shoot tissue was only weakly indicated.In this study, a PCR-DGGE technique was developed for simultaneous detection and identification of Phytophthora spp. It reliably detected Phytophthora in plant tissues and could discriminate most test species as well as indicate instances of multiple-species infections. It proved to be a useful detection and identification tool either applied alone or in concert with traditional isolation culture techniques. The limitations of the method are also discussed.In conclusion, all of the introduced species of Phytophthora had properties that promote a high risk of establishment and spread in Finland. The efficient transport of Phytophthora via commercial traffic and favorable conditions due to expected climate change will increase the incidence and establishment of Phytophthora in new areas. Thus, it is probable that pathogens of this genus will be introduced and become established in Finland and other Nordic countries unless efficient phytosanitary control becomes standard practice in the international plant trade.Keywords: Phytophthora, pathogenicity, survival, molecular detectio...

show abstract

Occurrence ofPhytophthoraSpecies in Recirculated Nursery Irrigation Effluents

Cited by 82 publications

References 14 publications

Protocolos de aislamiento y diagnóstico de Phytophthora Spp.: enfoque aplicado a la investigación

Protocolos de aislamiento y diagnóstico de Phytophthora Spp.: enfoque aplicado a la investigación

A simple model describes development of early peaks in oomycete zoospore inoculum detected in southern UK outdoors horticultural reservoirs

Phytophthora in Finnish nurseries

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About