Occurrence of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases in Association With the Outdoor Habits of Household Dogs and Cats a Case-Control Study

Abstract

Many owners believe to act in their pets' best interest by allowing them to go outside, with or without supervision. However, outdoor exposure greatly increases the risk of disease and accidents. In this study, we evaluated the association between infectious and parasitic diseases and the outdoor habits of pet dogs and cats. Epidemiological data were obtained from the records of dogs and cats treated at the Teaching Clinic and Hospital Unit of Veterinary Medicine in the city of Pirassununga, state of São Paulo, Brazil. Pets with any form of infection were included in the case study group, and pets with no infectious or parasitic diseases were used as controls. Animals were further divided according to their habits into indoor animals, indoor animals taken for walks, and outdoor animals. The odds ratio of having a disease was calculated from the comparisons among these groups using the MedCalc Statistical Software. We found an increased risk for the occurrence of infectious or parasitic diseases in outdoor dogs and cats when compared to indoor animals (OR of 4.735) and to those taken for walks (OR of 2.303). In light of our results, we suggest that awareness campaigns should also focus on the benefits of keeping pets indoors. KEY-WORDS:Access to outdoor. Odds ratio. Infection. Canine. Feline. RESUMOMuitos proprietários acreditam agir no melhor interesse de seus animais de estimação permitindo-os o acesso ao ambiente externo, com ou sem supervisão. Entretanto, isso aumenta consideravelmente o risco para a ocorrência de doenças e acidentes. Neste estudo, foi avaliada a associação entre doenças infecciosas e parasitárias com relação aos hábitos semi-domiciliados de cães e gatos. Dados epidemiológicos foram obtidos de arquivo de prontuários de cães e gatos atendidos na Unidade Didática Clínico Hospitalar (UDCH) do curso de Medicina Veterinária da FZEA/USP no município de Pirassununga, estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Animais de estimação que apresentaram doenças infectoparasitárias foram incluídos no grupo de casos; animais sem tais doenças, controles. Os animais foram ainda divididos de acordo em domiciliados, domiciliados frequentemente levados a passeios e semi-domiciliados. A razão de chances para a ocorrência de doenças infecciosas foi calculada a partir da comparação dos grupos supracitados, fazendo uso do software estatístico MedCalc. Encontrou-se um risco aumentado para a ocorrência de doenças infecto-parasitárias em cães e gatos semi-domiciliados quando comparados aos animais domiciliados (OR de 4.735) e quanto aos domiciliados guiados em passeios (OR de 2.303). À luz dos resultados se sugere que campanhas de conscientização foquem também nos benefícios da criação domiciliada de animais de estimação. PALAVRAS-CHAVE:Acesso à rua. Razão de chances. Infecçã o. Caninos. Felinos.

Occurrence of endoparasites in domestic owned cats in Dhaka city

“…Also, in the present study, 75% of the cats with outdoor access were infected with parasites compared to only 22.22% among those who did not have outdoor access. Pereira et al (2018) reported that cats living outdoors had an increased risk of infection in comparison to indoor cats (OR 13.150;. A study by Zanzani et al (2014) had pointed out that the overall prevalence of intestinal parasites in household cats is statistically significantly higher than cats that lived outside or had access to a garden.…”