Occurrence of metal-rich acidic groundwaters around the Mekong Delta (Vietnam): A phenomenon linked to well installation

Ha, Quang Khai; Choi, Sang-Haeng; Phan, Nam-Long; Kim, Kangjoo; Phan, Chu-Nam; Nguyen, Viet-Ky; Ko, Kyung‐Seok

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.200

Cited by 24 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…This result was in contrast to the previous study in Can Tho city, where the average concentration of Fe in the dry season (690 μg Lˉ¹) was lower than in the rainy season (2710 μg Lˉ¹) [39]. Fluctuations of Mn and Fe concentrations in groundwater were found to be related to the pH value, mainly because heavy metal concentrations increase when the pH becomes acidic [53].…”

Section: Seasonal Variation In Groundwater Qualitycontrasting

confidence: 90%

“…In addition, other moderate correlations include TDS and Pb (r=0.46), TDS and NH₄⁺-N (r=0.59), NH₄⁺-N and Hg (r=0.43), SO₄²ˉ and Mn (r=0.44), and Clˉ and Pb (r=0.56). However, the relationship between SO₄²ˉ and Clˉ was not recorded; this was also reported in the previous study by Ha et al (2019) [53]. These strong correlations represent the impacts of anthropogenic sources on groundwater quality in the study area.…”

Section: Correlation Between Groundwater Quality Parameterssupporting

confidence: 74%

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Seasonal Variations in Groundwater Quality under Different Impacts Using Statistical Approaches

Giao

Huynh

2023

Civ Eng J

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The objective of this study was to evaluate seasonal fluctuations in groundwater quality, determine the effects of different stressors on this resource, and recognize the potential pollution sources in a coastal region of southern Vietnam. Eleven samples collected in Ben Tre province during the dry and wet seasons were then analyzed for sixteen parameters, including pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), salinity, total hardness (TH), ammonium (NH₄⁺-N), nitrite (NO₂ˉ-N), nitrate (NO₃ˉ-N), sulfate (SO₄²ˉ), chloride (Clˉ), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), arsenic (As), coliforms, and Escherichia coli (E. coli). Pearson correlation analysis, principal component analysis (PCA), and cluster analysis (CA) were employed. The results indicated that total dissolved solids, salinity, total hardness, Clˉ, E. coli and coliform were detected as contaminants in groundwater samples. The trend of fluctuations in the parameters was mostly higher in the dry season. Which Mn and coliform significantly fluctuated between the dry and wet seasons. Activities in industrial-craft areas, landfills and seawater-intruded areas negatively impacted groundwater quality, typically TDS in industrial-craft areas, coliform and E.coliat the landfill area. Six principal components obtained from PCA could explain 93.6% of the variance, and all parameters are responsible for variations in groundwater quality. Geology, discharged wastewater, landfill leachate, agricultural activities, and saltwater intrusion can be considered representative factors. CA grouped the collected samples into four clusters based on the similarity in water properties. The analysis results showed that the locations in each cluster have outstanding water quality characteristics, clusters I and III have high TDS characteristics, cluster II has coliforms, and cluster IV sets of locations with high salinity. This study is promised to partially fill the gap in comprehensive information on groundwater quality in the coastal province so that policymakers can develop sustainable water management strategies in the future. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-03-01 Full Text: PDF

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Section: Seasonal Variation In Groundwater Qualitycontrasting

confidence: 90%

Section: Correlation Between Groundwater Quality Parameterssupporting

confidence: 74%

Seasonal Variations in Groundwater Quality under Different Impacts Using Statistical Approaches

Giao

Huynh

2023

Civ Eng J

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“…Therefore, observation of high NO3 concentration is very abnormal. The NO3 may be introduced from upper part through well casing or other pathways to deep aquifers [16]. However, finding the origin of NO3 in groundwater of this area is beyond scope of this study, it needs to have further investigation.…”

Section: General Groundwater Characteristicmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Over abstraction of groundwater induces negative effects such as land subsidence [13], saltwater intrusion [14]. Even though many groundwater geochemical issues are noticed in other provinces of the Vietnamese Mekong Delta such as groundwater arsenic contamination in An Giang, Dong Thap [14], seawater intrusion and freshening in Soc Trang Province [15] or acidic groundwater [16]; groundwater quality in Ca Mau still remains unknown. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the suitability of groundwater quality for drinking and irrigation practices for the Ca Mau province.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An assessment of groundwater quality for drinking and agricultural purposes in Ca Mau peninsula, Vietnamese Mekong Delta

Thi²,

et al. 2022

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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Groundwater serves as the major source for drinking water and the only fresh water source in the dry season in Ca Mau province, the Vietnamese Mekong Delta. The study is performed to assess groundwater quality in the area. Groundwater Quality Index (GWQI), magnesium hazard (MH), sodium percentage (Na%), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), permeability index (PI) combined with geostatistical tools were conducted by using groundwater quality data from 400 samples collected from private wells. GWQI values suggest that 7%, 63%, 28%, 2%, 1% of total samples are classified into excellent, good, poor, very poor and unsuitable for drinking water. High Cl and TDS are the main cause of high GWQI values suggesting that saltwater intrusion deteriorates groundwater quality. For irrigation purposes, 4%, 17%, 36%, 43% of total samples classify into Good, Permissible, Doubtful, Unsuitable respectively by Na% indicator; 55.0%, 30.9%, 11.9%, 2.2% of total samples is Excellent, Good, Doubtful and Unsuitable according to SAR, 54% samples are unsuitable by MH index, and all samples are good by PI. This study provides useful information on groundwater quality for various purposes in Ca Mau province, that could help water management and water users to identify the necessary approach for groundwater protection and water-treatment methods before utilising the groundwater source for specific purposes in the study area.

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“…The process is not only reduced groundwater quality, but also decrease of useable water quantity reserve. Salinization can cause by many processes such as infiltration of seawater from surface, up-conning by over extraction [5]. Consequently, using of contaminated groundwater can adversely impacts on human health and reduce agriculture production [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Groundwater resources in Bac Lieu province, Mekong Delta: current groundwater extraction and related issues

Van

2023

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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Groundwater in coastal cities is facing with various challenges such as contamination, salinization and land subsidence due to poor management and climate change. This research is aimed to summary groundwater issues such as groundwater quality, salinization and land subsidence in Bac Lieu City, a coastal city of Mekong Delta. A datasets of wells survey, wells logs and groundwater sampling were utilized for the study. The results show that saline groundwaters (TDS> 1.5 g/L) cover 99 and 54% area of shallow aquifers including Holocene, Upper Pleistocene and 48, 93, and 82% area of very deep aquifers like middle Pliocene, lower Pliocene, and upper Miocene, respectively. Fresh groundwater (TDS <1.5 g/L) is mainly found from 75 to 227 m in upper middle Pleistocene, lower Pleistocene and middle Pliocene aquifers. Groundwater extraction amount increases sharply during the last decades which induced groundwater level decline to 15 m below mean sea level (bmsl). The decline of groundwater level is even observed in the non-extracted aquifers suggesting that those aquifers are hydraulically connected. Land subsidence is observed in some groundwater extraction wells. Groundwater chemical data reflects that 73, 53, 28, 21, 18, 16, and 8% of total 120 groundwater samples show the concentrations of hardness, NO3 −, Cl−, TDS, Na+, NO2 −, and NH4 + are greater than those recommended in Vietnam National Technical Regulation on Domestic Water Quality (RDWQ; QCVN 01-1:2018/BYT) suggesting that groundwater in the area should not be used directly for domestic purposes. The occurrence of high Na+, TDS and Cl- concentrations in some groundwater samples may indicate salinization. The observation of high NO3 − is also a strange phenomenon in this area. Finding the sources of NO3 high concentration and salinization are highly recommended for further studies to sustainable practices of groundwater protection and management in the area.

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Occurrence of metal-rich acidic groundwaters around the Mekong Delta (Vietnam): A phenomenon linked to well installation

Cited by 24 publications

References 50 publications

Seasonal Variations in Groundwater Quality under Different Impacts Using Statistical Approaches

Seasonal Variations in Groundwater Quality under Different Impacts Using Statistical Approaches

An assessment of groundwater quality for drinking and agricultural purposes in Ca Mau peninsula, Vietnamese Mekong Delta

Groundwater resources in Bac Lieu province, Mekong Delta: current groundwater extraction and related issues

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