Occurrence of New Powdery Mildew on Greenhouse Tomato Cultivars

Matsuda, Yoshinori; Kashimoto, Koichi; Takikawa, Yuichi; Aikami, Rika; Nonomura, Teruo; Toyoda, Hideyoshi

doi:10.1007/pl00013034

Cited by 33 publications

(30 citation statements)

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“…2a) of conidia whose germ tubes seemed to emerge terminally. Actually, many studies have presented scanning electron micrographs (Jones et al 2000(Jones et al , 2001Matsuda et al 2001;Kashimoto et al 2003) and light micrographs (Whipps et al 1998;Lebeda and Mieslerová 1999;Kiss et al 2001;Mieslerová et al 2004;Mlíčkova et al 2004) of germinating and/or appressorium-forming conidia of O. neolycopersici. Of these reports, only the photographs provided by Mlíčkova et al (2004) showed conidia apparently producing appressorial germ tubes (2011) 52:198-203 201 terminally, with the remaining papers reporting subterminal germination.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…In addition, germ tube length was shown to be dependent upon the timing of the contact of the germ tube tip with the leaf surface (Nonomura et al 2009). Previous observations of O. neolycopersici conidia infecting tomato leaves showed that appressorial germ tubes originated from subterminal (Whipps et al 1998;Lebeda and Mieslerová 1999;Jones et al 2000Jones et al , 2001Kiss et al 2001;Matsuda et al 2001;Kashimoto et al 2003;Mieslerová et al 2004) and terminal (Mlíčkova et al 2004) positions on the conidium. These observations suggested that the site of emergence of germ tubes in tomato powdery mildew conidia could change and be determined after the conidia had made contact with the leaves, as found for barley powdery mildew (Wright et al 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

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Conidia of the tomato powdery mildew Oidium neolycopersici initiate germ tubes at a predetermined site

Takikawa

Kakutani

et al. 2011

Mycoscience

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The emergence of germ tubes from the conidia of powdery mildew fungi is the first morphological event of the infection process, preceding appressoria formation, peg penetration and primary haustoria formation. Germination patterns of the conidia are specific in powdery mildew fungi and therefore considered useful for identification. In the present study, we examined conidial germination of the tomato powdery mildew Oidium neolycopersici KTP-01 in order to clarify whether germ tube emergence site in KTP-01 conidia is determined by the first contact of the conidia to leaves (as found for the conidia of barley powdery mildew), or alternatively is predetermined and is unrelated to contact stimulus. Highly germinative conidia of KTP-01 were collected from conidial pseudochains on conidiophores in colonies on tomato leaves using two methods involving an electrostatic spore attractor and a blower. In the electrostatic spore attraction method, the conidia were attracted to the electrified insulator probe of the spore collector-this being the first contact stimulus for the conidia. In addition, the blowing method was used as a model of natural infection; pseudochain conidia were transferred to detached leaves by air (1 m/s) from a blower. Thus, landing on the leaves was the first contact for the conidia. Furthermore, conidia were also blown onto an artificial membrane (Parafilm-coated glass slides forming a hydrophobic surface) or solidified agar plates in Petri dishes (hydrophilic surface). Eventually, almost all conidia on the probe and on tomato leaves or artificial hydrophobic and hydrophilic surfaces synchronously germinated within 6 h of incubation, indicating that the first contact of the conidia with any of the aforementioned substrata was an effective germination induction signal. Germ tube emergence sites were exclusively subterminal on the conidia. Moreover, the germ tubes emerged without any relation to the sites touched first on the conidia. Thus, the present study strongly indicates that conidia of O. neolycopersici produce germ tubes at a predetermined site.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Conidia of the tomato powdery mildew Oidium neolycopersici initiate germ tubes at a predetermined site

Takikawa

Kakutani

et al. 2011

Mycoscience

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“…Third or fourth leaves of 1-month-old seedlings were inoculated because young seedlings are highly susceptible to the pathogen (Matsuda et al 2001, Kashimoto et al 2003a. The leaves of the indicator (Moneymaker) and test plants were placed in the same inoculation cylinder without detaching them from the plants and dusted with the conidia (ca.…”

Section: Second Screening For Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

Screening of Wild <i>Lycopersicon</i> Species for Resistance to Japanese Isolate of Tomato Powdery Mildew <i>Oidium neolycopersici</i>

et al. 2005

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“…Recent studies have shown that the causal agent of this apparently novel disease is Oidium neolycopersici L. Kiss in Europe, North America, and Japan (34,36,43). In Australia, a distinct powdery mildew species, O. lycopersici Cooke & Massee, was responsible for powdery mildew outbreaks on tomato (34).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…neolycopersici has become economically much more important than O. lycopersici. As a consequence, all the efforts to breed tomato cultivars resistant to powdery mildew have dealt with this powdery mildew species (3)(4)(5)41) especially because almost all tomato cultivars available worldwide are susceptible to O. neolycopersici (38,41,43,48). Wild Solanum spp.…”

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confidence: 99%

Oidium neolycopersici: Intraspecific Variability Inferred from Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis and Relationship with Closely Related Powdery Mildew Fungi Infecting Various Plant Species

Jankovics¹,

Bai²,

Kovács³

et al. 2008

Phytopathology®

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Jankovics, T., Bai, Y., Kovács, G. M., Bardin, M., Nicot, P. C., Toyoda, H., Matsuda, Y., Niks, R. E., and Kiss, L. 2008. Oidium neolycopersici: Intraspecific variability inferred from amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis and relationship with closely related powdery mildew fungi infecting various plant species. Phytopathology 98:529-540.Previous works indicated a considerable variation in the pathogenicity, virulence, and host range of Oidium neolycopersici isolates causing tomato powdery mildew epidemics in many parts of the world. In this study, rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences, and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) patterns were analyzed in 17 O. neolycopersici samples collected in Europe, North America, and Japan, including those which overcame some of the tomato major resistance genes. The ITS sequences were identical in all 10 samples tested and were also identical to ITS sequences of eight previously studied O. neolycopersici specimens. The AFLP analysis revealed a high genetic diversity in O. neolycopersici and indicated that all 17 samples represented different genotypes. This might suggest the existence of either a yet unrevealed sexual reproduction or other genetic mechanisms that maintain a high genetic variability in O. neolycopersici. No clear correlation was found between the virulence and the AFLP patterns of the O. neolycopersici isolates studied. The relationship between O. neolycopersici and powdery mildew anamorphs infecting Aquilegia vulgaris, Chelidonium majus, Passiflora caerulea, and Sedum alboroseum was also investigated. These anamorphs are morphologically indistinguishable from and phylogenetically closely related to O. neolycopersici. The crossinoculation tests and the analyses of ITS sequences and AFLP patterns jointly indicated that the powdery mildew anamorphs collected from the above mentioned plant species all represent distinct, but closely related species according to the phylogenetic species recognition. All these species were pathogenic only to their original host plant species, except O. neolycopersici which infected S. alboroseum, tobacco, petunia, and Arabidopsis thaliana, in addition to tomato, in cross-inoculation tests. This is the first genome-wide study that investigates the relationships among powdery mildews that are closely related based on ITS sequences and morphology. The results indicate that morphologically indistinguishable powdery mildews that differed in only one to five single nucleotide positions in their ITS region are to be considered as different taxa with distinct host ranges.

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Occurrence of New Powdery Mildew on Greenhouse Tomato Cultivars

Cited by 33 publications

References 6 publications

Conidia of the tomato powdery mildew Oidium neolycopersici initiate germ tubes at a predetermined site

Conidia of the tomato powdery mildew Oidium neolycopersici initiate germ tubes at a predetermined site

Screening of Wild <i>Lycopersicon</i> Species for Resistance to Japanese Isolate of Tomato Powdery Mildew <i>Oidium neolycopersici</i>

Oidium neolycopersici: Intraspecific Variability Inferred from Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis and Relationship with Closely Related Powdery Mildew Fungi Infecting Various Plant Species

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