Occurrence of Overlooked Zoonotic Tuberculosis: Detection of Mycobacterium bovis in Human Cerebrospinal Fluid

Abstract

showed that the sensitivity of N-PCR (61.5%) was greater than that of smear microscopy (38.4%). Determination to the species level is important from the viewpoint of determining the prevalence of these mycobacteria in a community and would influence strategies currently adopted for the prevention of tuberculosis.Tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic, systemic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The most common clinical manifestation is pulmonary TB. The inhaled bacilli can localize in alternate sites, leading to extrapulmonary TB (EPTB). Among the different manifestations of EPTB, tuberculous meningitis (TBM) has been considered to be a fatal form (41). Fatality rates in developing countries have been reported to range from 44 to 69% (15,18,30). In fact, delayed or erroneous diagnosis often results in serious long-term debilitating complications. Central nervous system involvement has frequently been found secondary to TB elsewhere in the body, particularly the lungs. The presence of TB elsewhere in the body favors the diagnosis, although its absence does not exclude it. The great majority of patients with neuro-TB are diagnosed on the basis of clinical criteria, imaging, and laboratory investigation of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The clinical response to antituberculosis therapy in all forms of neuro-TB is excellent, provided the diagnosis is made early, before an irreversible neurological defect occurs.Hence, precise and rapid clinical diagnosis of TBM is a critical component of the management of TBM patients (12,24,25). Culture and Ziehl-Neelsen staining of the CSF are specific but insensitive due to the paucity of bacilli. Nucleic acid amplification techniques have shown promising results in overcoming this drawback (20,22,30,42).M. tuberculosis is a member of the M. tuberculosis complex (MTC), which includes M. bovis, "M. MATERIALS AND METHODSPatients. CSF samples from 212 patients were investigated. The patient distribution was as follows. For the first part of the study, 112 patients admitted to the neurology ward of the All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, were investigated. Subsequently, for the second part of the study, CSF samples from 100 children (Յ12 years old) admitted to the pediatric ward of Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India, were investigated. The institutional ethical committee approved the study. At the time of data analysis, the AIIMS hospital records of the 69 patients were obtained. These 69 cases were separated into TBM and NTBM (nontubercular meningitis) groups on the basis of the criteria described by Ahuja et al. (1) (Table 1). CSF was collected under aseptic conditions by lumbar puncture. Five hundred microliters to 2.0 ml of CSF was available for the study. Samples were stored at Ϫ20°C, prior to processing for target DNA for N-PCR and smear microscopy for acid-fast bacilli (AFB; auramine O stain).Mycobacterial strains. M. tuberculosis H37Rv DNA was obtained from TB research material, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, N...

Detection of IS6110 and HupB gene sequences of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and bovisin the aortic tissue of patients with Takayasu’s arteritis

“…In this case, the used primers were : N (5’-GGAGGGTTGGGATGAACAAAGCAG-3’) and S (5’-GTATCCGTGTGTCTTGACCTATTTG-3’) [29]. For the N-PCR assay for the C terminal region of gene HupB , we used the following primers: F (5’-CCAAGAAGGCGA CAAAGG-3’) and R (5’-GACAGCTTTCTTGGCGGG-3’).…”

A single-nucleotide mutation in the −10 promoter region inactivates thenarK2Xpromoter inMycobacterium bovisandMycobacterium bovisBCG and has an application in diagnosis

“…Other members of the M. tb complex (MTC), such as M. bovis BCG (BCG), Mycobacterium africanum and Mycobacterium microti, rarely cause disease in immunocompromised populations (Metchock et al, 1999;Niemann et al, 2000). Zoonotic transmission of these organisms to humans, especially of M. bovis from cattle and unpasteurized milk, is an important health concern (O' Reilly & Daborn, 1995;Shah et al, 2006). Because M. bovis is naturally resistant to pyrazinamide (Scorpio & Zhang, 1996), a first-line antituberculosis drug, therefore, differentiation of M. tb infection from M. bovis infection is of paramount importance for administering the appropriate treatment.…”

Association of Tuberculous Endometritis with Infertility and Other Gynecological Complaints of Women in India

“…Samples with dual bands were eluted and sequenced. The sequences of the dual bands corresponding to 116 and 89 bp matched those of the C-terminal parts of the hupB genes of M. tuberculosis and M. bovis, respectively, as described previously (14).…”