Occurrence of P. aeruginosa in Water Intended for Human Consumption and in Swimming Pool Water

Abstract

Considering the fact that water is a basic need of every living being, it is important to ensure its safety. In this work, the data on the presence of the opportunistic pathogen P. aeruginosa in drinking water (n = 4171) as well as in pool water (n = 5059) in Primorje-Gorski Kotar County in Croatia in the five-year period (2016–2020) were analysed. In addition, the national criteria were compared with those of neighboring countries and worldwide. The proportion of P. aeruginosa-positive samples was similar for drinking water (3.9%) and pool water (4.6%). The prevalence of this bacterium was most pronounced in the warmer season. P. aeruginosa-positive drinking water samples were mostly collected during building commissioning, while pool samples were from entertainment and spa/hydromassage pools. Outdoor pools showed a higher percentage of positive samples than indoor pools, as well as the pools filled with freshwater rather than seawater. The highest P. aeruginosa load was found in rehabilitation pools. Croatia, Serbia and Montenegro are countries that have included P. aeruginosa in their national regulations as an indicator of the safety of water for human consumption as well as for bottled water, while Slovenia and Bosnia and Herzegovina have limited this requirement to bottled water only. In the case of swimming pool water, this parameter is mandatory in all countries considered in this study.

Microbiological water quality and derived health risks from exposure to ornamental water fountains in the city of Hannover

“…This scenario analysis shows that even high concentrations of 1 × 10 4 MPN/100 mL within a period of 30 min exposure would not exceed the USEPA benchmark. This statement is consistent with prior research indicating that this bacterium present in aquatic environments does not pose a significant threat to the general public (Hardalo & Edberg, 1997;Vukić Lušić et al, 2021).…”

“…Moreover, Vukić Lušić et al. (2021) suggested that due to the widespread prevalence of this bacterium, it may not pose a significant threat to the general public.…”

Assessment of virulence factors and antimicrobial resistance among the Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from animal meat and carcass samples

“…The growth of the bacterium is responsible for off-flavours, pigmentation, slime and malodour production in meat and derived products (Stellato et al, 2017). Previous studies showed that drinking water contaminated with P. aeruginosa may cause foodborne infections (Wei et al, 2020;Vukić Lušić et al, 2021). Additionally, there is growing evidence implication of the P. aeruginosa in foodborne infections (Bricha et al, 2009;Nawaz & Bhattarai, 2015;Virupakshaiah & Hemalata, 2016).…”

Evaluation of Piper Betle L. Extracts and Its Antivirulence Activity Towards P. Aeruginosa

“…The ability of P. aeruginosa to adapt to the harsh condition and metabolic flexibility is proved by their evolution from mere bacteria into virulence bacteria such as PA14 and PA01 [34,35]. The virulence factor in bacteria in an environmental context focuses on P. aeruginosa in decreasing water quality by producing biofilm [36].…”