Occurrence of pathogenic microorganisms in small drinking-water systems in Costa Rica

Barrantes, Kenia; Chacón, Luz; Mora, Eric Morales; Rivera-Montero, Luis; Pino, Macario; Jiménez, Alejandra Gamboa; Mora, D.; Jimenez, P.; Silva, Basilio; Romero-Esquivel, Luis G.

doi:10.2166/wh.2022.230

Cited by 14 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…For this reason, E. coli is an accurate indicator of fecal contamination due to its constant presence in the intestine and feces of warm-blooded animals. The presence of TtC in any body of water has a high predictive value for the potential presence of other pathogenic microorganisms for humans [19][20][21]30 . On the other hand, it has been suggested that the presence of IE might be used as a supplementary test for assessing water quality.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High microbiological contamination in surface waters in the upper basin of the Choluteca River in Honduras

Maldonado,

Mendoza,

Rivera

et al. 2023

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Microorganisms with a high pathogenic potential for humans and animals can spread through water. This represents a severe threat to public health, particularly in low- and middle-income countries where sanitation conditions are often limited. Due to their constant presence in the intestine and feces of both people and animals, total coliforms, thermotolerant coliforms, and intestinal Enterococcus have historically been employed as indicators of fecal contamination to evaluate water quality for human use and consumption. Under no circumstances should water sources for human use and consumption have bacteria indicating fecal contamination. The objective of this study was to evaluate the microbiological quality of surface water from six sub-basins located in the upper basin of the Cholulteca River in Honduras and determine the Escherichia coli phylogroups isolated in these samples. Our results show high rates of fecal contamination, suggesting that surface waters in the upper Choluteca River basin are unsafe for human consumption. Phylogroups B1 and D were the most frequent among 29 E. coli isolates, while phylogroups C and F were the least frequent. Measures must be taken to raise awareness about sanitation and good practices for managing household waste and those generated by agro-industrial and livestock activities in the area. Surface water in the Choluteca River basin must be adequately treated before consumption because it may impact people's health. In addition, we encourage prompt decision-making by the health authorities. In conclusion, this study assessed the microbiological quality of water in the upper Choluteca River basin. Our findings show high rates of fecal contamination and the predominance of E. coli strains from phylogroups associated with fecal contamination, suggesting that these waters are unsafe for human consumption. Keywords: fecal contamination; E. coli; phylogroups; surface water; Choluteca River basin; Honduras

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High microbiological contamination in surface waters in the upper basin of the Choluteca River in Honduras

Maldonado,

Mendoza,

Rivera

et al. 2023

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“…RV has been detected in perishable foods for consumption such as shellfish and vegetables in countries like Mexico, where this virus has been detected together with other viruses such as norovirus and hepatitis [13]. RV detection studies have been carried out in drinking water for consumption in the Central Valley of Costa Rica, where the presence of RV has been identified [38]. In Leon, Nicaragua, RV was identified in wastewater, in low prevalence, after vaccination [25].…”

Section: Rotavirus Detected In Food and Water In Latin Americamentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Rotavirus Risk in Latin American Food and Water

Bourdett-Stanziola

2023

IJTDH

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Rotavirus is considered a major public health problem worldwide because many children, adults, and animals die from gastroenteritis due to rotavirus; rotavirus contamination follows the fecal/oral route, and it is well supported that infection can also be achieved by consuming food and water that is contaminated with rotavirus. Research has shown that, in Latin American countries, unusual emerging strains of rotavirus are occurring in children and adults with gastroenteritis; which contain in their sequence genes from rotavirus genotypes detected in animals; Therefore, researchers consider it a virus with zoonotic potential. In this review, I propose that rotavirus transmission occurs from wild animals, who use an intermediate host before contaminating humans, by means of the fecal/oral route, food, and water. Rotavirus produces genetic rearrangements generating new emerging strains, which are excreted into the environment. Generally, during the dry season in our Latin American countries, contaminated water is used to irrigate crops, and from there, much of this water ends up in the sea, where rotavirus is absorbed by filter-feeding molluscs, and from there, consumed by man and animals continuing its cycle. Studies on the molecular characterization of rotavirus strains detected in food and water provide new insights into possible rotavirus genetic rearrangements and zoonoses. The emergence of strains derived from interspecies transmission has implicated and inspired the study of different vaccine strategies.

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“…Disposal of liquid waste that does not meet the requirements can cause contamination of groundwater surfaces and water sources. According to (Barrantes et al, 2022), rotavirus, enterovirus, and norovirus are pathogens that are often transmitted through water. They pollute water through human activities such as leakage of sewers and septic systems, agricultural and urban runoff, and unsafe disposal of wastewater.…”

Section: Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determinants of Diarrhea in Toddlers at Post-Declaration Open-Defecation-Free Area

Siwiendrayanti

Maulidah

2022

Kemas

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Kudus District Health Office in 2020 reported that diarrhea was still the main cause of post-neonatal and toddler mortality even though Kudus District had become an Open Defecation Free (ODF) District in 2019. The highest case finding was in the working area of the Gondosari Health Center at 22.9% in 2020 and an increase of 20.8% compared to the previous year. Aim: to find out the determinants of the incidence diarrhea in toddler after ODF declaration in the work area of the Gondosari Health Center, Kudus Regency. Method: this type of research is an analytic observational study with a cross-sectional design and was obtained in December 2021. The number of samples was 71 samples with the purposive sampling technique. The research instrument used a questionnaire sheet and an observation sheet. Data analysis used Chi-Square and Fisher tests. Result: the results showed the quality of latrine facilities (RP=1.9 and p=0.112), PAMRT (RP=1.0 and p=1,000), PLCRT (RP=3.1 and p=0.001), drinking water sources (RP= 1.1 and p=0.986, water microbiological quality (RP=4.0 and p=0.026). Conclusion: there is a relationship between PLCRT and water microbiological quality with the incidence of diarrhea in children under five after the ODF declaration in the Gondosari Health Center working area. It is hoped that the government will seek a better water source development program for the community and regular monitoring of ODF areas.

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Occurrence of pathogenic microorganisms in small drinking-water systems in Costa Rica

Cited by 14 publications

References 24 publications

High microbiological contamination in surface waters in the upper basin of the Choluteca River in Honduras

High microbiological contamination in surface waters in the upper basin of the Choluteca River in Honduras

Exploring the Rotavirus Risk in Latin American Food and Water

Determinants of Diarrhea in Toddlers at Post-Declaration Open-Defecation-Free Area

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