Occurrence of phthalate diesters in indoor air from several Northern cities in Vietnam, and its implication for human exposure

Tran, Tri Manh; Le, Hanh T.N.; Minh, Tu Binh; Kannan, Kurunthachalam

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.06.016

Cited by 57 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Due to their low volatility, the emitted phthalates tend to sorb strongly to interior surfaces and indoor particles. As a result, phthalates have become ubiquitous in indoor environments . Recent reviews on the health effects of phthalates suggest that exposure to phthalates may result in profound and irreversible changes in the male reproductive system, increase prenatal mortality, and is related to asthma, allergies, and airway diseases in children .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A general mechanistic model for predicting the fate and transport of phthalates in indoor environments

Liang

Wang

et al. 2018

Indoor Air

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A mechanistic model that considers particle dynamics and their effects on surface emissions and sorptions was developed to predict the fate and transport of phthalates in indoor environments. A controlled case study was conducted in a test house to evaluate the model. The model‐predicted evolving concentrations of benzyl butyl phthalate in indoor air and settled dust and on interior surfaces are in good agreement with measurements. Sensitivity analysis was performed to quantify the effects of parameter uncertainties on model predictions. The model was then applied to a typical residential environment to investigate the fate of di‐2‐ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) and the factors that affect its transport. The predicted steady‐state DEHP concentrations were 0.14 μg/m3 in indoor air and ranged from 80 to 46 000 μg/g in settled dust on various surfaces, which are generally consistent with the measurements of previous studies in homes in different countries. An increase in the mass concentration of indoor particles may significantly enhance DEHP emission and its concentrations in air and on surfaces, whereas increasing ventilation has only a limited effect in reducing DEHP in indoor air. The influence of cleaning activities on reducing DEHP concentration in indoor air and on interior surfaces was quantified, and the results showed that DEHP exposure can be reduced by frequent and effective cleaning activities and the removal of existing sources, though it may take a relatively long period of time for the levels to drop significantly. Finally, the model was adjusted to identify the relative contributions of gaseous sorption and particulate‐bound deposition to the overall uptake of semi‐volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) by indoor surfaces as functions of time and the octanol‐air partition coefficient (Koa) of the chemical. Overall, the model clarifies the mechanisms that govern the emission of phthalates and the subsequent interactions among air, suspended particles, settled dust, and interior surfaces. This model can be easily extended to incorporate additional indoor source materials/products, sorption surfaces, particle sources, and room spaces. It can also be modified to predict the fate and transport of other SVOCs, such as phthalate‐alternative plasticizers, flame retardants, and biocides, and serves to improve our understanding of human exposure to SVOCs in indoor environments.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A general mechanistic model for predicting the fate and transport of phthalates in indoor environments

Liang

Wang

et al. 2018

Indoor Air

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“…Tại Việt Nam, các nghiên cứu về sự tồn tại của PAEs và VMSs trong môi trường không khí và bụi và tác động của chúng đối với con người chỉ mới được thực hiện trong vòng 5 năm trở lại đây [8][9][10][11][12]. Nồng độ của VMSs trong mẫu bụi trong nhà tại Việt Nam nhìn chung thấp hơn so với một số quốc gia khác trên thế giới như Hy Lạp, Kuwait, Hàn Quốc, Nhật Bản, Mỹ và Trung Quốc [8].…”

Section: Mở đầUunclassified

“…Hệ thống phân tích và cột tách được cung cấp bởi Agilent Technologies. Các thông số về điều kiện tách và định lượng trên khối phổ cho các PAEs và VMSs được trình bày cụ thể trong các nghiên cứu trước đây của chúng tôi [9][10][11]. Độ thu hồi của các chất nội chuẩn và chất chuẩn thêm vào mẫu kiểm tra nằm trong khoảng từ 70 đến 120% với RSD < 20%.…”

Section: Mở đầUunclassified

“…Các nghiên cứu trước đây cũng đã chỉ ra rằng, PAEs có phân tử khối thấp (ví dụ DMP đến DBP) tồn tại trong pha khí nhiều hơn trong pha hạt, trong khi các chất có phân tử khối lớn lại tích lũy chủ yếu trong pha hạt [3,14]. Kết quả thu được từ nghiên cứu này hoàn toàn phù hợp với các tính toán lý thuyết đối với một số hằng số cân bằng pha ví dụ như hệ số cân bằng khí-hạt (KP) và hệ số phân bố giữa octanol và không khí (KOA) [11].…”

Section: Mở đầUunclassified

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Assessment of Gas–Particle Phase Distribution and Source Apportionment of Atmospheric Phthalate Esters and Volatile Methyl Siloxanes in Vietnamese Micro-Environments

Anh¹,

Hanh²,

Giang³

et al. 2020

NST

Self Cite

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In this study, the gas–particle distribution characteristics and emission sources of phthalate esters (PAEs) and volatile methyl siloxanes (VMSs) were evaluated for indoor air samples collected from different micro-environments such as homes, offices, kindergartens, hair salons, laboratories, and cars in 4 cities and provinces of Hanoi, Bac Ninh, Thai Binh, and Tuyen Quang, northern Vietnam. In general, total concentrations of PAEs and VMSs were higher in gas phase as compared to particle phase; however, phase distribution profiles of individual compounds were strongly related to their structures and physicochemical properties. For examples, low-molecular-weight compounds such as dimethyl phthalate, diethyl phthalate, D3, D4, L4, and L5 were more abundant in gas phase, while heavier compounds like di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate and L8 were preferentially associated with particle phase. Assessment of PAE emission sources is relatively difficult because they have been applied in different consumer products and materials. Significant correlation between cyclic VMSs (e.g., D4, D5, and D6) was observed, suggesting their applications in cosmetics and personal care products. Keywords: Phthalate esters, volatile methyl siloxanes, indoor air, phase distribution, source apportionment.

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“…Recently, Quang et al conducted a study on the number concentration of ultrafine particles in indoor and outdoor air in Ha Noi [3]. Occurrence of phthalate diesters in indoor air in northern Viet Nam was investigated by Tran et al [4]. Tran et al studied about cyclic and linear siloxanes in indoor air in northern cities in Viet Nam [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Levels of Selected Indoor Air Pollutants in Three Ha Noi Offices

Ly¹

2018

JST

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A study on the levels of indoor air pollutants in Ha Noi was conducted. Three offices in Ha Noi were selected for this purpose. Selected indoor air pollutants including SO2, NO2 and respirable particulate matter (PM10) were monitored in the wet and dry seasons of 2015. Air conditioners were turned on for the whole time, while air purifiers were turned on for haft of the time in each sampling site. An hourly measurement of outdoor levels was also conducted before indoor measurement. Levels of outdoor PM10 varied in the range of 13.4-106.0 µg/m3. The level of indoor PM10 varied in the range of 3.5-25.1 µg/m3. The average levels of indoor PM10 were lower than that of outdoor one in all cases. High time resolution data showed that indoor PM10 levels temporarily increased sharply by activities (walking and room sweeping) and high frequency of opening the doors. Concentrations of outdoor/indoor SO2 varied in the range of < 0.4-34.5 /< 0.4-47.1 ppb. Concentrations of outdoor/indoor NO2 varied in the range of 4.3-33.4/3.3-27.8 ppb.

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Occurrence of phthalate diesters in indoor air from several Northern cities in Vietnam, and its implication for human exposure

Cited by 57 publications

References 29 publications

A general mechanistic model for predicting the fate and transport of phthalates in indoor environments

A general mechanistic model for predicting the fate and transport of phthalates in indoor environments

Assessment of Gas–Particle Phase Distribution and Source Apportionment of Atmospheric Phthalate Esters and Volatile Methyl Siloxanes in Vietnamese Micro-Environments

Levels of Selected Indoor Air Pollutants in Three Ha Noi Offices

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