Occurrence of polycyclic musks in wastewater and receiving water bodies and fate during wastewater treatment

Clara, Manfred; Gans, Oliver; Windhofer, Georg; Krenn, U.; Hartl, W.; Braun, Kalan; Scharf, Sigrid; Scheffknecht, Christoph

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.11.041

Cited by 120 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…However, HHCB and AHTN are the most used. HHCB and AHTN, the two most used, have been detected in surface water and sediments [75] and wastewater [61,76]. Also, HHCB has shown to be highly sorptive to sludge [77].…”

Section: Polycyclic Musksmentioning

confidence: 98%

Introduction: Personal Care Products in the Aquatic Environment

Molins-Delgado

Díaz˗Cruz

Barceló

2014

The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry

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This chapter presents an overview of the main aspects relating to the occurrence and impact of ingredients in personal care products to the aquatic environment: methodologies of analysis, prevalence data, elimination processes, threats to the aquatic ecosystem, effects on biota and legislation with a special focus in European regulation. Water is a valuable resource for the environment as well as for human activities. Although it covers most of the Earth's surface, the amount of usable water is finite. Since ancient times until now, the use of water in human activities has been rapidly increasing along with the increase of the population, producing a continuous release of pollutants into the aquatic environment. Personal care products are a widely used group of substances that have been raising concerns during the last decades due to its continuous release into the environment and its proven effects (mostly on in vitro and in vivo assays) as a threat to all kinds of living organisms. Recent studies suggest that its continuous application on the skin or the intake of contaminated food may cause some concerning hazardous effects in human beings. In order to ensure the protection of this key ecosystem, a series of worldwide initiatives have been taking place during the last two decades, impelling monitoring programmes and governmental regulations worldwide. The common grounds of the European Union establish a series of regulations, such as the Water

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Section: Polycyclic Musksmentioning

confidence: 98%

Introduction: Personal Care Products in the Aquatic Environment

Molins-Delgado

Díaz˗Cruz

Barceló

2014

The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry

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“…Due to the incomplete removal in WWTPs [7], these chemicals will eventually reach the receiving environment. Previous studies have reported detection of PCP ingredients in WWTP effluents [8][9][10], surface water [3,11,12], and sediments [13,14]. Although biocides, synthetic musks, Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00216-016-9924-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous determination of 24 personal care products in fish muscle and liver tissues using QuEChERS extraction coupled with ultra pressure liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-mass spectrometer analyses

et al. 2016

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A sensitive and selective quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) extraction combined with dispersive solid-phase extraction (d-SPE) cleanup method was developed to simultaneously extract a wide range of personal care products (16 biocides, 4 synthetic musks, and 4 benzotriazoles) in fish muscle and liver tissues. In order to get satisfactory recoveries, different extraction parameters were optimized, including extraction salts and d-SPE materials, extraction solvents and acetic acid contents in organic phase, and the ratios of solvent and water. Ultra pressure liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry were used to analyze the target compounds in the extracts. Among the 24 personal care products, the recoveries in the range of 70-120 % were obtained for 20, 19, and 12 analytes in fish muscle at the spiking concentrations of 10, 5, and 1 ng/g ww, respectively, and for 13, 12, and 11 analytes in liver at the spiking concentrations of 40, 20, and 4 ng/g ww, respectively. Method quantification limits (MQLs) of all analytes were 0.02-2.12 ng/g ww for fish muscle and 0.22-12.2 ng/g ww for fish liver tissues. The method was successfully applied to wild fish samples collected from Dongjiang River, south China. Twenty-one and 17 of the analytes were found in fish muscle and liver samples, respectively, in at least one site of the river with the concentrations between below MQLs and 119 ng/g ww, respectively.

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“…However, the wash-off products represent the greater emission source (97%). For instance, the shampoo contributes for 71% of the emissions (mean: 4.3 mg capita -1 day -1 ; maximum: 34.9 mg capita -1 day -1 ), followed by the shower gel (17%; (Homem et al, 2015;Clara et al, 2011;Lv et al, 2010;Zhang et al, 2008;Horii et al, 2007;Yang and Metcalf, 2006;Bester, 2004;Kupper et al, 2004).…”

Section: Estimates Of Environmental Dischargesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scented traces – Dermal exposure of synthetic musk fragrances in personal care products and environmental input assessment

et al. 2015

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Synthetic musks are organic compounds used as fragrance and fixative additives in several personal care products. Until now, little is known about their occurrence and distribution in these household commodities. However, this information is essential to perform a human dermal exposure assessment. Therefore, this study gives an overview on the levels of 12 synthetic musks in 140 personal care products from 7 different categories (body and hair wash, toilet soaps, shaving products, dentifrice products, deodorants/antiperspirants, moisturizers and perfumes).They were analysed by QuEChERS extraction followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Detection limits were found between 0.01 ng g -1 (galaxolide) and 5.00 ng g -1 (musk xylene galaxolide, and 15% tonalide, while for babies/children 96% occurs due to exaltolide.An estimate of the amount of musks discharged "down-the-drain" into the wastewater treatment systems through the use of toiletries was also performed. An average emission per capita of 6.7 mg day -1 was determined and galaxolide and exaltolide were the predominant musks in the effluents.

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Occurrence of polycyclic musks in wastewater and receiving water bodies and fate during wastewater treatment

Cited by 120 publications

References 33 publications

Introduction: Personal Care Products in the Aquatic Environment

Introduction: Personal Care Products in the Aquatic Environment

Simultaneous determination of 24 personal care products in fish muscle and liver tissues using QuEChERS extraction coupled with ultra pressure liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-mass spectrometer analyses

Scented traces – Dermal exposure of synthetic musk fragrances in personal care products and environmental input assessment

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