Occurrence of PSP-producing dinoflagellate Alexandrium tamiyavanichii in Bingo-Nada, the central coastal water of the Seto Inland Sea, Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan

IDENTIFICATION OF THE TOXIC ALGA ALEXANDRIUM TAMIYAVANICHI (DINOPHYCEAE) FROM NORTHEASTERN BRAZIL: A COMBINED MORPHOLOGICAL AND rDNA SEQUENCE (PARTIAL LSU AND ITS) APPROACH1

“…Apparently, A. cohorticula is known only from tropical waters of the Gulf of Mexico (Balech 1967(Balech , 1995. A. tamiyavanichi is found in tropical waters from the Gulf of Thailand, the Philippines, Vietnam, and Hong Kong (Kodama et al 1988, Nguyen and Larsen 2004, AFCD 2008; and in temperate coastal waters of Japan (Ogata et al 1990, Hashimoto et al 2002, Nagai et al 2005, Beppu et al 2008 and South Africa (Ruiz-Sebastián et al 2005). Furthermore, A. cohorticula and A. tamiyavanichi have been reported from the Mexican Pacific Ocean, respectively, in the southeastern part and the Gulf of California (Gárate-Lizárraga et al 2004, Okolodkov andGárate-Lizárraga 2006).…”

Source and profile of paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in shellfish in Daya Bay, South China Sea

“…Oshima et al (1992) reported as much as 269 pg STX equiv./cyst in A. tamarense, and Bricelj and Shumway (1998) reported 325 pg STX equiv./cell of an Alexandrium sp. Beppu et al (2008) measured the toxicities of six trains of Alexandrium from the coastal water of Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan, and found that variation in the toxin level was varied about 30 fold among strains (from 3.7 to 111.5×10 -6 MU/cell), or 10 fold even between A. tamarense strains isolated from the same sea area in the same month of different years.…”

Notice of Retraction: Surface Plasmon Resonance Detection of Saxitoxin: An Alternative to In-Situ Monitoring Red-Tide Toxins

“…Four PSPs were summarized in table 1, such as (1) carbamate toxins, (2) N-sulfo carbamoyl toxins, (3) decarbamoyl toxins, (4) deoxy decarbamoyl toxins. Currently, the research on PSP was concentrated on saxitoxin (STX) [9], a neurotoxin naturally produced by certain species of marine dinoflagellates. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) [10] is often used to detect the interaction between immobilized molecules and analytes in solution without labeling.…”