Occurrence of Pulmonicola cochleotrema (syn. Cochleotrema cochleotrema) (Digenea: Opisthotrematidae) in Antillean manatees (Trichechus manatus manatus) in Brazil

Carvalho, Vítor Luz; Meirelles, Ana Carolina Oliveira de; Motta, Monica Regina Alves; Maia, Danusa Camanduchy; Campello, Maria Verônica Morais; Beviláqua, Cláudia Maria Leal

doi:10.5597/lajam00133

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Adult nematodes recovered from the 2 Florida manatees at ne cropsy were morphologically identical to Heterocheilus tunicatus (Yorke & Maplestone 1962). Trematodes recovered from the nasal cavity of these animals were identified as P. cochleotrema (Carvalho et al 2009). The colon trematodes were more consistent with descriptions of C. groschafti (Coy-Otero 1989, E. Greiner pers.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 57%

Internal parasites of the two subspecies of the West Indian manatee Trichechus manatus

Wyrosdick

Chapman²,

Mignucci‐Giannoni³

et al. 2018

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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The West Indian manatee Trichechus manatus is divided into 2 subspecies: the Antillean (T. m. manatus) and Florida (T. m. latirostris) manatees. This study reports sample prevalence of manatee parasites from populations of these 2 subspecies in different geographical locations. Although necropsy is a valuable diagnostic tool for parasite infections, the need for antemortem diagnostic techniques is important. Fecal samples collected during necropsies of Antillean manatees (n = 3) in Puerto Rico and Florida manatees (n = 10) in Crystal River, Florida, as well as from live-captured Florida manatees (n = 11) were evaluated using centrifugal flotation with sucrose and ethyl acetate sedimentation to compare parasites from each of the populations. Although both fecal examination methods provided similar results, the centrifugal flotation method required less time for diagnosis. The most common parasite eggs found in both populations included the trematodes Pulmonicola cochleotrema and Nudacotyle undicola, oocysts of the coccidian Eimeria spp., and eggs of the ascarid Heterocheilus tunicatus. Eggs of the trematode Chiorchis groschafti were found in both populations of manatees; however, eggs of a related species, Chiorchis fabaceus, were abundant in the Florida samples, but not found in Puerto Rico populations. Trematode eggs of Moniligerum blairi were found in both populations, but were more common in the Florida manatee (42%) than the Antillean manatee (33%). To our knowledge, this is the first report of both Eimeria manatus and Eimeria nodulosa oocysts in Antillean manatees from Puerto Rico.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 57%

Internal parasites of the two subspecies of the West Indian manatee Trichechus manatus

Wyrosdick

Chapman²,

Mignucci‐Giannoni³

et al. 2018

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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“…Therefore, it is likely that the infection occurs after ingestion of these (Blair, 1981;Beck & Forrester, 1988;Bando et al, 2014). In addition, it has been proved in other studies that environmental factors such as salinity and water temperature can influence the occurrence of P. cochleotrema (Beck & Forrester, 1988;Carvalho et al, 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Afterwards, the faecal material was analysed through sedimentation and flotation techniques (Bando et al, 2014) and helminths were clarified in lactophenol, stained and mounted on microscope slides for morphological identification (Amato, 1985). Parasites were measured and identified using previous descriptions (Blair, 1981(Blair, , 2005Carvalho et al, 2009).…”

Section: A T E R I a L S A N D M E T H O D Smentioning

confidence: 99%

“…direct methods, flotation and sedimentation) was conducted in Brazil, which showed that all manatees studied were negative for the presence of helminths (Borges et al, 2004). On the other hand, a research study carried out in the state of Ceará in 2009, detected Pulmonicola cochleotrema in the upper respiratory tract of free-living specimens (Carvalho et al, 2009). Therefore, in order to bridge the gap on the knowledge of helminths fauna in sirenian species, this study was to assess the frequency of infection by Pulmonicola cochleotrema in Antillean manatees (Trichechus manatus manatus), in the North-eastern region of Brazil.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pulmonicola cochleotrema (Digenea: Opisthotrematidae) in Antillean manatees (Trichechus manatus manatus) from the North-eastern region of Brazil

Borges

Jung

Carvalho³

et al. 2016

J. Mar. Biol. Ass.

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Currently, little is known about the helminth fauna in sirenian species. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the frequency of infection by Pulmonicola cochleotrema in Antillean manatees (Trichechus manatus manatus), in the North-eastern region of Brazil. Between the years of 1989 and 2014, 88 manatees found on the North-eastern Brazilian coast were clinically examined. They included animals that were found dead, animals maintained in captivity and specimens reintroduced into conservation areas. During their physical examination, helminths present in necropsied carcasses and in reintroduced animals were collected, as well as faecal samples. Parasites were detected in 7.95% (7/88) of the animals; all specimens collected being identified as P. cochleotrema. Only adult manatees were infected, and in two cases clinical signs were observed. This is the first report on the occurrence of P. cochleotrema in Antillean manatees in the states of Paraíba and Sergipe, in the North-eastern coast of Brazil.

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“…O Pulmonicola cochleotrema é um parasita platelminto pertencente à família Opisthotrematidae que pode atingir o sistema respiratório dos peixes-bois, levando-os a apresentar rinite crônica, doença de edema pulmonar, pneumonia ou evoluir ao óbito [12]. No Brasil, até recentemente, este parasita não havia sido descrito em peixes-bois, mas foram identificados em T. manatus de vida livre no Ceará [27] e posteriormente em Sergipe [19].…”

Section: Parasitáriaunclassified

Infectious and Non-Infectious Diseases in Manatees in Brazil

Attademo

Oliveira

Sousa

et al. 2020

Acta Scientiae. Vet.

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Background: Antillean manatee (Trichechus manatus) and Amazonian manatee (Trichechus inunguis) are the two species of manatees that occur in Brazil, and both are endangered. Studies on manatee disease in Brazil were previously based mainly on Florida manatees. In recent years, these studies have increased in Brazil. Thus, the objective was to carry out a survey of the publications of infectious and non-infectious diseases in the two species of manatees that occur in the country, to assist in the identification of threats to the species and in the health assessment of manatees in the country.Review: Regarding infectious and contagious diseases, parasites have affected both species of manatees in Brazil, such as Pulmonicola cochleotrema in wild T. manatus, Toxoplasma gondii in both species, and Cryptosporidium spp. also in both species, this being an important agent of zoonotic character. Giardia sp., another zoonotic parasite, has also been reported in both species of manatees in Brazil. Mycotic lesions caused by B. hawaiiensis have been described in calves of T. manatus in captivity. Meanwhile, Candida sp., Trichosporon sp., Rhodotorula sp., and Cryptococcus sp. have been identified in T. inunguis. Studies on viruses in manatees are still not widespread compared to other species; however, it has been verified that rotavirus is present in T. manatus in captivity. In studies carried out to identify bacteria in T. manatus, the following bacteria were isolated: Arizona sp., Bacillus sp., Corynebacterium equi, Corynebacterium pseudodiphteriticum, Corinebacterium sp., Edwasiella tarda, Enterobacter aerogenes, Enterobacter agglomerans, Enterobacter sakasakii, Escherichia coli, Leptospira spp., Proteus sp., Proteus vulgaris, Providencia rettgeri, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella spp., Serratia marcescens, Staphylococcus sp., Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus coagulase-negativa, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Streptococcus sp., and Streptococcus viridans. Regarding noninfectious diseases, food-related diseases stand out, where gastrointestinal complications in manatees and obesity in animals in captivity are among the highest occurrences. Intestinal tympanism was reported in a T. inunguis calf, causing death of the animal. Pollution and contamination have also been a concern for the health of these animals. In studies carried out with T. manatus in Paraíba state, accumulation of heavy metals in the animals was verified, possibly originating from sugarcane farms in the region. The ingestion of garbage has also been one of the greatest threats to the health of manatees, where it was registered as a possible cause of death of T. inunguis in Amazonas state. Regarding congenital diseases, although rare in manatees, two calves of T. manatus in Ceará state have been described as having congenital malformations in the heart and brain, without a well-defined etiology. Trauma has been affecting both species; in Brazil, 17.3% of manatees reintroduced by 2018 showed evidence of collisions with vessels. Hunting for T. inunguis still occurs frequently, which has been greatly reduced for T. manatus.Conclusion: Pathogens and other factors that affect manatees have a potential impact on both species. Some of the identified agents have a zoonotic potential and, therefore, are also public health issues. This survey demonstrates that the need for incentives for studies on health assessment and pathogens in these species, both in the wild and in captivity, should be encouraged.

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Occurrence of Pulmonicola cochleotrema (syn. Cochleotrema cochleotrema) (Digenea: Opisthotrematidae) in Antillean manatees (Trichechus manatus manatus) in Brazil

Cited by 8 publications

References 12 publications

Internal parasites of the two subspecies of the West Indian manatee Trichechus manatus

Internal parasites of the two subspecies of the West Indian manatee Trichechus manatus

Pulmonicola cochleotrema (Digenea: Opisthotrematidae) in Antillean manatees (Trichechus manatus manatus) from the North-eastern region of Brazil

Infectious and Non-Infectious Diseases in Manatees in Brazil

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