Occurrence of Pythium sp. on the Marine Alga Porphyra

Fuller, Melvin S.; Lewis, B. G.; Cook, Philip W.

doi:10.2307/3756970

Cited by 13 publications

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“…The few previous studies, including those in this region (e.g. Fuller et al (1966); for general comments, see Kohlmeyer (1974) and Andrews (1976b)), have dealt with a particular alga or causal organism rather than prevalence of disease or pathogenesis. Epidemics generally are rare and none were observed during these studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Observations on the pathology of seaweeds in the Pacific Northwest

Andrews¹

1977

Can. J. Bot.

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ANDREWS, J. H. 1977. Observations on the pathology of seaweeds in the Pacific Northwest. Can.J. Bot. 55: 1019-1027. Seaweeds that displayed disease symptoms were collected intertidally and subtidally from coastal Washington and British Columbia. A red rot of Fricus, characterized by the progressive reddish discoloration and ultimate disintegration of host tissue, was observed frequently. The fungus Cephalosporilrm was isolated consistently from diseased plants. Extensive galls, from 1 to 50 mm in size, on stipes of Laminaria, Nereocystis, and Macrocystis, were associated invariably with a filamentous, endophytic, and presumably parasitic Streblonema-like alga. A bacterium, identified tentatively as Acinetobacter, was isolated from infected Nereocystis in the laboratory and shown to be pathogenic by fulfillment of Koch's Postulates. Symptoms or signs of this white rot disease were restricted to exposed, floating stipes and pneumatocysts which collapsed, became flaccid, and were covered with a white bacterial slime. Attempts to demonstrate causality with the putative pathogens causing red rot and galls, respectively, were unsuccessful. Nematodes of the genera Pnrnlinhomeolrs and Monhystera were isolated from Frrclrs and Laminarin, respectively, but appear to be free-living and not parasitic. ANDREWS, J. H . 1977. Observations on the pathology of seaweeds in the Pacific Northwest. Can. J. Bot. 55: 1019-1027. L'auteur a recolte des algues marines apparemment malades dans les zones intertidales et subtidales, sur les cbtes de Washington et de la Colombie-Britannique. Une pourriture rougeakte frequemment observke chez les Frrcrrs: elle se caracterise par une coloration rougeitre progressive et une degradation ultime des tissus de I'hbte. Le fungus C~~phrrlosporirrrn fut isole rigulierement des algues malades. Des galles abondantes, allant de 1-50 mm de largeur, se retrouvent sur le pied des Lrrn~irzrrrirr, Nereocystis et Mrrcrocystis; elles sont invariablement associees i une algue endophytique filamenteuse, et presumement parasite, qui resemble aux Streblorler?lrr. Une bacterie, tentativement identifiee comme un Acir~etohrrcter, a kt6 isolee a partir de Nereocysti~ au laboratoire, et s'est avCrCe pathogtne selon les exigences du postulat de Koch. Les symptbmes oh signes de cette pourriture blanche ne se retrouvent que sur les pieds flottants et sur les pneumatocystes qui se sont ecl-ases, sont devenus flasques et sont recouverts d'un mucus bacterien blanchitre. Les essais pour demontrer la responsabilit6 de presumes pathogtnes dans le cas de la pourriture rouge et des galles ont tous deux CchouCs. Des nematodes appartenant aux genres Prrrrrlinhomeo~rs et Monllysterrr ont etC isoles de Frrcrrs et de Lrrrninurirr respectivement. mais semblent y vivre independamment et non en parasites.[Traduit par le journal]

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Observations on the pathology of seaweeds in the Pacific Northwest

Andrews¹

1977

Can. J. Bot.

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“…This pathogen severely infects Porphyra thalli, causing death of the host within a few days (13,18). Moreover, infection by this pathogen reduces the quality and market value of Porphyra products even if they narrowly escape critical damage before harvest, because the sheet products obtained from infected thalli appear to be less lustrous, uneven, and discolored (17).…”

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confidence: 99%

An Antifungal Protein from the Marine Bacterium Streptomyces sp. Strain AP77 Is Specific for Pythium porphyrae , a Causative Agent of Red Rot Disease in Porphyra spp

Woo

Kitamura

Myouga

et al. 2002

Appl Environ Microbiol

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A novel antifungal protein (SAP) was found in the culture supernatant of a marine bacterium, Streptomyces sp. strain AP77, and was purified. This protein was characterized by chemical, biochemical, and biological analyses. By using gel filtration, the molecular mass of SAP was estimated to be 160 kDa. Structural analysis of SAP by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry suggested that SAP is composed of three heterologous protein subunits of 41.7 kDa (SAP1), 21.7 kDa (SAP2), and 18.7 kDa (SAP3) at a molar ratio of 1:1:5 (or 1:1:6). N-terminal amino acid sequence analysis and a homology search revealed that SAP1, SAP2, and SAP3 exhibit 64.3, 68.4, and 86.7% similarity to three Streptomyces coelicolor polypeptides, puromycin resistance protein (Pur8), a conserved hypothetical protein, and bacterioferritin, respectively. The MIC of purified SAP against Pythium porphyrae was determined to be 1.6 g/disk, whereas no inhibitory effect was observed at concentrations up to 100 g/disk against most of the fungal and bacterial strains tested; the only exception was relatively strong antifungal activity against Pythium ultimum (MIC, 6.3 g/disk). In vitro and in vivo toxicity tests demonstrated that SAP showed no toxicity against Porphyra yezoensis cells, human normal dermal fibroblasts, and mice at doses up to 700 g/ml (for 24 h), 250 g/ml (for 12 h), and 75 mg/kg (for 35 days), respectively. SAP was labile when it was subjected to a heated-air drying treatment, which is a great advantage in food production procedures. These results indicated that Streptomyces sp. strain AP77 might be useful as a gene source for safe transgenic Porphyra breeding for tolerance to Pythium infection.

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Antifungal properties of cyanobacteria and algae: ecological and agricultural implications

Nagle¹,

Wedge

2002

Chemical Ecology of Plants: Allelopathy in Aquatic and Terrestrial Ecosystems

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Occurrence of Pythium sp. on the Marine Alga Porphyra

Cited by 13 publications

References 0 publications

Observations on the pathology of seaweeds in the Pacific Northwest

Observations on the pathology of seaweeds in the Pacific Northwest

An Antifungal Protein from the Marine Bacterium Streptomyces sp. Strain AP77 Is Specific for Pythium porphyrae , a Causative Agent of Red Rot Disease in Porphyra spp

Antifungal properties of cyanobacteria and algae: ecological and agricultural implications

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