Occurrence of Salmincola sp. on brook charr Salvelinus fontinalis in Lake Superior

Boone, Evan C.; Quinlan, Henry R.

doi:10.1007/s10750-018-3871-x

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Few parasitic copepods have been genetically characterized, and many have highly modified, reduced, and/or cryptic morphology, which can complicate efforts to identify and differentiate closely related species (Goedknegt et al 2018;Hasegawa et al 2022b). Geographic locality is also of little taxonomic value given that many species have pancontinental distributions and infected host fish introductions are likely common and widespread (e.g., Ruiz et al 2017;Boone and Quinlan 2019;Mullin and Reyda 2020;Lepak et al 2022). Examples of morphologically similar Salmincola species occurring in sympatry (Ruiz et al 2017), including some that utilize the same host fish species (Hasegawa et al 2022b), have made Salmincola species particularly challenging to identify.…”

Section: Species Identity Confirmationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gill lice have also been associated with higher rates of host mortality (Neal et al 2021), leading to purported declines in host population recruitment and abundance (Kusterle et al 2012;Mitro 2016). Therefore, the recent surge of reported increases in gill lice infection prevalence (i.e., percentage of fish with parasites), intensity (i.e., number of parasites per infected fish), and spread (e.g., Hargis et al 2014;Monzyk et al 2015;Mitro 2016;Ruiz et al 2017;Boone and Quinlan 2019;Nagasawa 2020;White et al 2020) has led to widespread concern for the viability of salmonid populations Griffin 2017, 2018). Most recently, just 6 years after Salmincola californiensis invaded Lake Ontario, infection prevalence in steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss was double compared to that in native steelhead populations (Mullin and Reyda 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2015; Mitro 2016; Ruiz et al. 2017; Boone and Quinlan 2019; Nagasawa 2020; White et al. 2020) has led to widespread concern for the viability of salmonid populations (Mitro and Griffin 2017, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular identification and environmental DNA detection of gill lice ectoparasites associated with Brook Trout declines

Katz,

Tetzlaff,

Johnson

et al. 2023

Trans Am Fish Soc

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ObjectiveGill lice Salmincola spp. are among the most widely reported parasites of freshwater salmonids and have been associated with recent declines in native Brook Trout Salvelinus fontinalis populations. Effective gill lice surveillance is vital for salmonid conservation success, but current survey approaches are often inadequate or problematic. We developed an environmental DNA (eDNA)‐based approach to detect the gill louse Salmincola edwardsii and explored the viability of this approach as a management tool for rapid, large‐scale gill lice surveillance at Fort McCoy, Wisconsin, USA.MethodsReference sequences were generated from gill lice specimens collected at Fort McCoy to confirm their identify as S. edwardsii and used to design a quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay that targets S. edwardsii mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I (COI). Assay validation included in silico and in vitro sensitivity and nontarget specificity testing, and assay performance was validated in situ by sampling eDNA at sites characterized via electrofishing.ResultMolecular analysis of reference sequences confirmed S. edwardsii identity while also providing the first multi‐population assessment of genetic variation for North American Salmincola and the most taxonomically comprehensive molecular phylogeny of Lernaeopodidae to date. Salmincola edwardsii eDNA was detected at 14 of 38 sites, including 12 of 14 sites with known active infestations, with no evidence that the odds of detecting gill lice via electrofishing was greater than the odds of detections from eDNA analysis. Brook Trout presence was highly predictive of gill lice eDNA site occupancy, concordant with S. edwardsii being an obligate parasite of Salvelinus fishes. However, by expanding survey coverage via eDNA analysis, we were able to identify an isolated drainage with Brook Trout where S. edwardsii is apparently absent, confirming electrofishing observations.ConclusionThese results suggest that eDNA analysis is equivalent to electrofishing for detecting gill lice in terms of performance yet offers substantial gains in survey efficiency. Further, this study demonstrates how eDNA analysis can provide valuable intel for directing management efforts, especially when used to expand survey coverage and prioritize follow‐up conventional surveys to assess host–parasite abundance, demographics, and status.

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Section: Species Identity Confirmationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular identification and environmental DNA detection of gill lice ectoparasites associated with Brook Trout declines

Katz,

Tetzlaff,

Johnson

et al. 2023

Trans Am Fish Soc

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…These findings demonstrated how evolution can produce diverse outcomes among systems with apparently similar environmental and ecological conditions. Sixth, Boone & Quinlan (2019) found fish lice, Salmincola sp., on most brook charr in a remnant population in Tobin Harbor on Isle Royale, Lake Superior, and concluded that infestation had reached a level that could influence future population growth and sustainability. Last, Hoxmeier et al (2019) reported, contrary to expectations, that native brook charr displaced nonnative brown trout in a Minnesota stream when increasing base-flow discharge led to declining water temperature, despite increasing air temperature.…”

Section: Trophic Ecologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the impact of charr research past, present, and future

et al. 2019

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The 9th International Charr Symposium convened on 18-21 June 2018, in Duluth, Minnesota, USA, to gather scientists with an interest in charr biology and management from the entire geographical range of the genus Salvelinus. The symposium was attended by 169 individuals from six countries, and included 99 oral and 32 poster presentations, 28 of which were published in the ensuing proceedings. Topic areas of presentations and publications included (1) cultural anthropology; (2) genetics, evolution, taxonomy, and systematics; (3) behavior, movement, and habitat; (4) reproductive ecology, developmental ontogeny, and physiology; (5) population ecology, dynamics, and life history; (6) trophic ecology, parasites, predators, toxicology, and pollution; and (7) management. Research reported in these proceedings has built upon the history of earlier symposiums and will be continued with the 10th symposium scheduled to convene in Nikko City, Tochigi Prefecture, Japan, in 2021.

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“…is temperature dependent (Johnston and Dykeman 1987, Poulin et al 1990b, Vigil et al 2016), and recent mortalities of brook charr Salvelinus fontinalis in temperate areas of North America due to Salmincola edwardsii outbreaks are linked with increasing water temperature and fish densities (Mitro 2016, Mitro and Griffin 2018). In addition to density, another host property likely to play a key role in the dynamics of contact‐transmitted parasites like copepods is host body size (Poulin et al 1991, Grutter and Poulin 1998, Boone and Quinlan 2019), which determines the surface area available for contact and attachment of infective stages.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ectoparasites population dynamics are affected by host body size but not host density or water temperature in a 32‐year long time series

Henriksen

Frainer

Poulin

et al. 2022

Oikos

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Host density, host body size and ambient temperature have all been positively associated with increases in parasite infection. However, the relative importance of these factors in shaping long-term parasite population dynamics in wild host populations is unknown due to the absence of long-term studies. Here, we examine long-term drivers of gill lice (Copepoda) infections in Arctic charr (Salmonidae) over 32 years. We predicted that host density and body size and water temperature would all positively affect parasite population size and population growth rate. Our results show that fish size was the main driver of gill lice infections in Arctic charr. In addition, Arctic charr became infected at smaller sizes and with more parasites in years of higher brown trout population size. Negative intraguild interactions between brown trout and Arctic charr appear to drive smaller Arctic charr to seek refuge in deeper areas of the lake, thus increasing infection risk. There was no effect of host density on the force of infection, and the relationship between Arctic charr density and parasite mean abundance was negative, possibly due to an encounter-dilution effect. The population densities of host and parasite fluctuated independently of one another. Water temperature had negligible effects on the temporal dynamics of the gill lice population. Understanding long-term drivers of parasite population dynamics is key for research and management. In fish farms, artificially high densities of hosts lead to vast increases in the transmission of parasitic copepods. However, in wild fish populations fluctuating at natural densities, the surface area available for copepodid attachment might be more important than the density of available hosts.

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Occurrence of Salmincola sp. on brook charr Salvelinus fontinalis in Lake Superior

Cited by 7 publications

References 23 publications

Molecular identification and environmental DNA detection of gill lice ectoparasites associated with Brook Trout declines

Molecular identification and environmental DNA detection of gill lice ectoparasites associated with Brook Trout declines

Assessing the impact of charr research past, present, and future

Ectoparasites population dynamics are affected by host body size but not host density or water temperature in a 32‐year long time series

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