2016
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.08.139
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Occurrence of selected antibiotics and antiretroviral drugs in Nairobi River Basin, Kenya

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Cited by 210 publications
(101 citation statements)
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“…The literature is lacking in studies involving the use of MIP for extraction of ARVs from human plasma. A typical comparison with other methods reported in the literature using SPE for the determination of 3TC, AZT and EFZ in different matrices is presented in Supporting Information Table 3 , which confirm that LOQ value is appropriate and comparable with other research works. The low LOQs are mainly attributed to the use of highly sensitive, complex and expensive detector, i.e.…”
Section: Resultssupporting
confidence: 83%
“…The literature is lacking in studies involving the use of MIP for extraction of ARVs from human plasma. A typical comparison with other methods reported in the literature using SPE for the determination of 3TC, AZT and EFZ in different matrices is presented in Supporting Information Table 3 , which confirm that LOQ value is appropriate and comparable with other research works. The low LOQs are mainly attributed to the use of highly sensitive, complex and expensive detector, i.e.…”
Section: Resultssupporting
confidence: 83%
“…Due to their continuous input into the environment through numerous pollution sources and their degradation-resistant characteristics, antibiotics are regarded as a class of ubiquitous and "pseudo-persistent" contaminants in aquatic environments (Nödler et al, 2012;Yao et al, 2015). Numerous studies have reported the concentrations of antibiotics ranged from several ng per liter to hundreds of μg per liter in various environmental compartments, such as hospital sewage, municipal sewage, surface waters, groundwater, and seawater (Brown et al, 2006;Kümmerer, 2009;Chang et al, 2010;Rodriguez-Mozaz et al, 2015;Yao et al, 2015Yao et al, , 2017Chen et al, 2015a, b;Ngumba et al, 2016;Sui et al, 2017). The antibiotic burden in water can result in direct toxicity to animals (Wollenberger et al, 2000;Wang et al, 2014;Yan et al, 2016) and plants (Migliore et al, 2003;Pan and Chu, 2016), but more importantly, they can induce antibiotic-resistant bacteria or genes, which increase health and ecological hazards through food chains, even at low concentrations (Wellington et al, 2013;Ye et al, 2016;Sharma et al, 2016).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…PhCs have been frequently detected in surface waters, treated WWs (wastewaters) and in drinking portable waters [2][3][4]. Their occurrence in water and exposure to non-target organisms has been associated with chronic toxicity, endocrine disruption, development of bacteria resistantstrains and congenital anomalies [5].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%