Occurrence of selected pharmaceuticals in river water in Japan and assessment of their environmental risk

Komori, Koya; Suzuki, Yutaka; Minamiyama, Mizuhiko; Harada, Arata

doi:10.1007/s10661-012-2886-4

Cited by 80 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…PNEC for DEET and caffeine (5200 ng L -1 ) were based on no-observed effect concentration (NOEC) data for aquatic organisms using an assessment factor of 100. 52,53 Figure 4 also shows risks quotients for human health (RQ HH ) calculated by the ratio between caffeine and atrazine levels in drinking water and their respective WQC. For atrazine, WQC corresponded to the maximum permissible level preconized by the Brazilian drinkingwater standards, 54 while for caffeine WQC was calculated according to equation 1 using a TDI of 0.003 mg kg -1 according to the lowest no-observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) compiled by Meltzer et al 55 In the present work, RQ analysis was based on the classification proposed by Komori et al 52 where values lower than 0.1 were considered acceptable, whereas ratios between 0.1 and 1 were classified as "needs further survey".…”

Section: Risk Assessment To the Environment And Human Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal and Spatial Distribution of Caffeine, Atrazine, Atenolol and DEET in Surface and Drinking Waters from the Brazilian Federal District

Sodré¹,

Santana²,

Sampaio³

et al. 2018

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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Selected emerging contaminants in water samples from the Brazilian capital were investigated by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry after solid-phase extraction. In Paranoá Lake, an urban reservoir that will be used to produce drinking water, caffeine was the most abundant contaminant found (average of 53 ng L ). The role of wastewaters discharges could not be evidenced probably due to the water flow and circulation in the lake. However, higher concentrations were detected during the dry season suggesting the presence of point sources, except for atrazine. In source waters, concentrations were lower in comparison with Paranoá Lake waters. Environmental risk assessment shows the need for further surveys for atrazine. For drinking waters, only caffeine and atrazine were detected at average concentrations of 8.6 and 3.2 ng L -1 , respectively. No risk for human health was observed.

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Section: Risk Assessment To the Environment And Human Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal and Spatial Distribution of Caffeine, Atrazine, Atenolol and DEET in Surface and Drinking Waters from the Brazilian Federal District

Sodré¹,

Santana²,

Sampaio³

et al. 2018

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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“…Indeed, Hughes et al [20] noted that more than 50% of the studies they reviewed were represented by only 14 APIs. More recent studies published after this review [20] tend to highlight the focus on antibiotics within their monitoring programmes [18,79,[91][92][93][94][95][96][97]. This is likely to be related to the perceived irrational use of antibiotics in many Asian countries [79,98].…”

Section: (Iii) Landmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential ecological footprints of active pharmaceutical ingredients: an examination of risk factors in low-, middle- and high-income countries

Kookana

Williams

Boxall

et al. 2014

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

140

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Active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) can enter the natural environment during manufacture, use and/or disposal, and consequently public concern about their potential adverse impacts in the environment is growing. Despite the bulk of the human population living in Asia and Africa (mostly in low- or middle-income countries), limited work relating to research, development and regulations on APIs in the environment have so far been conducted in these regions. Also, the API manufacturing sector is gradually shifting to countries with lower production costs. This paper focuses mainly on APIs for human consumption and highlights key differences between the low-, middle- and high-income countries, covering factors such as population and demographics, manufacture, prescriptions, treatment, disposal and reuse of waste and wastewater. The striking differences in populations (both human and animal), urbanization, sewer connectivity and other factors have revealed that the environmental compartments receiving the bulk of API residues differ markedly between low- and high-income countries. High sewer connectivity in developed countries allows capture and treatment of the waste stream (point-source). However, in many low- or middle-income countries, sewerage connectivity is generally low and in some areas waste is collected predominantly in septic systems. Consequently, the diffuse-source impact, such as on groundwater from leaking septic systems or on land due to disposal of raw sewage or septage, may be of greater concern. A screening level assessment of potential burdens of APIs in urban and rural environments of countries representing low- and middle-income as well as high-income has been made. Implications for ecological risks of APIs used by humans in lower income countries are discussed.

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“…Data for MEC portrayed in Figure 3 can be used to perform a preliminary risk assessment on the presence of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in Brazilian surface waters using Equation 2, as well as PNEC data presented in Table 1. As suggested by Komori et al 28 risk quotients (MEC/PNEC) greater than 1 imply risk while values lower than 0.1 indicate no-risk. Intermediate values indicate potential risk and, consequently, the need for further studies.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Pharmaceuticals and personal care products as emerging micropollutants in Brazilian surface waters: a preliminary snapshot on environmental contamination and risks

2018

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The present work intended to present a preliminary snapshot on the contamination of Brazilian surface waters by pharmaceuticals and personal care products. Data were collected elsewhere for Measured Environmental Concentrations (MEC) in surface waters and Predicted No-Effect Concentration (PNEC). Prioritization was based on risk assessment, where MEC/PNEC ratios higher than 1.0 indicate a positive risk, values below 0.1 indicate absence of risk and intermediate values, potential risk. Results revealed that hormones, antibiotics drugs and triclosan should be prioritized to subsidize the generation of water quality standards to protect aquatic life.

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Occurrence of selected pharmaceuticals in river water in Japan and assessment of their environmental risk

Cited by 80 publications

References 5 publications

Seasonal and Spatial Distribution of Caffeine, Atrazine, Atenolol and DEET in Surface and Drinking Waters from the Brazilian Federal District

Seasonal and Spatial Distribution of Caffeine, Atrazine, Atenolol and DEET in Surface and Drinking Waters from the Brazilian Federal District

Potential ecological footprints of active pharmaceutical ingredients: an examination of risk factors in low-, middle- and high-income countries

Pharmaceuticals and personal care products as emerging micropollutants in Brazilian surface waters: a preliminary snapshot on environmental contamination and risks

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