Occurrence of symptomless source ofPiper yellow mottle virusin black pepper (Piper nigrumL.) varieties and a wild Piper species

Abstract

Symptomless nature of Piper yellow mottle virus (PYMoV) infection in three varieties of black pepper (Piper nigrum) (Panniyur 1, Panniyur 5 and Panchami) and a wild species of Piper (Piper colubrinum) was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using PYMoV specific primers. The virus could be transmitted from these PYMoV-infected symptomless plants onto symptom producing black pepper cv. Karimunda through mealybug vector, Ferrisia virgata and by graft transmission. About 20-50% seedlings showed typical symptoms of the PYMoV at 30 days after mealybug inoculations while it was 75-94% at 90 days after inoculation. PCR test of the inoculated seedlings confirmed the presence of PYMoV in 50-64%, 76-100% and 80-100% of plants in 30, 60 and 90 days after inoculation, respectively. Similarly, 50-66%, 91-100% and 100% of grafttransmitted plants showed typical symptoms of the disease at 30, 60 and 90 days after grafting. PCR test of the graft-transmitted plants showed 100% PYMoV infection at 60 days after grafting. The results clearly demonstrated the existence of PYMoV-infected symptomless plants that can act as source for secondary spread of the virus in the field.

DETEKSI VIRUS PADA BIBIT LADA (Piper nigrum) DENGAN TEKNIK ELISA

“…Serangan penyakit ini juga menyebabkan pertumbuhan tanaman lada menjadi terhambat sehingga buah yang terbentuk sedikit dan akibatnya produksi menurun (Sitepu dan Mustika 2000). Penularan virus ini terutama melalui bahan tanaman (setek) dan serangga vektor (Balfas 2009;Bhat et al 2012;de Silva et al 2002). Di Indonesia, serangga vektor virus CMV pada tanaman lada adalah Aphis gossypii, sedangkan untuk virus PYMoV serangga vektornya adalah Planococcus minor dan Ferrisia virgata (Balfas et al 2007).…”

“…Keberadaan virus pada tanaman tidak dapat diamati hanya berdasarkan gejala saja (Bhat dan Siljo 2014;Miftakhurohmah dan Balfas 2014). Pada beberapa tanaman lada, ditemukan infeksi CMV dan PYMoV yang tidak menimbulkan gejala (Bhadramurthy et al 2008;Bhat et al 2012).…”

Digital Recombinase Polymerase Amplification, Digital Loop‐Mediated Isothermal Amplification, and Digital CRISPR‐Cas Assisted Assay: Current Status, Challenges, and Perspectives

“…They have been widely used in environmental monitoring, food safety detection, virus detection, and gene screening. [1][2][3][4][5][6] Although PCR technology is a powerful tool, its detection time is long, and its operation is complex and dependent on the temperature cycle. [7] These shortcomings limit the application of PCR in point-of-care test (POCT), especially in resource-limited settings.…”