Occurrence of tetracycline, chlortetracycline, and oxytetracycline residues in raw cow's milk

Abstract

Navrátilová P., Borkovcová I., Dračková M., Janštová B., Vorlová L. (2009): Occurrence of tetracycline, chlortetracycline, and oxytetracycline residues in raw cow's milk. Czech J. Food, Sci., 27: 379-385.The objective of this study was the detection of tetracycline, chlortetracycline and oxytetracycline residues in raw cow's milk. When analysing bulk milk (n = 57) and tanker trailer'a (n = 113) samples, two methods were used simultaneously: a specific rapid test Milk Tetrasensor Kit and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with ultraviolet detection and isocratic elution. For HPLC analysis, Breeze (Waters, USA), a liquid chromatographic system, was used. The samples underwent solid phase extraction before the HPLC analysis. The Nova Pack C8 column (3.9 × 150 mm, 4 μm, Waters) and mobile phase (0.8 ml/min) consisting of acetonitrile, methanol, and 0.05 mol/l of oxalic acid in a 13:13:74 ratio were used. None of the samples analysed with the use of the specific rapid test displayed the presence of tetracycline antibiotics. In all of the samples analysed by means of HPLC, low concentrations of tetracycline antibiotics residues were detected. None of the samples displayed the presence of chlortetracycline. All of the analysed samples displayed residues of tetracycline. Oxytetracycline residues were detected only in 50.6% of analysed samples.

Assessment of microbiological and residual antibiotics status in milk sold in Abeokuta, Ogun State. Nigeria

“…This result is lower when compared with the report by Navratilova et al, (2009) in Czech Republic where 168 raw cow milk samples were analysed for the presence of antibiotics (tetracycline, chlortetracycline and oxytetracycline) residues. Results showed that all the samples (100%) analysed contained tetracycline residues ranging between 5 and 24.47 µg/L.…”

“…It was found that the percentage of UHT milk samples and pasteurized milk samples containing detectable levels of tetracycline were 0 and 7.7 % respectively (Zhang et al, 2014). Literatures report that the exposure of milk to heat processing such as pasteurization does not totally eliminate the presence of residues (Loksuwan, 2002;Navratilova et al, 2009) Doxycycline antibiotic residue was not detected in all of the 20 milk samples screened in this study. This is in contrast with the findings of Rassouli, (2010) in which 2 of 37 milk samples contained doxycycline residues.…”

“…The low concentrations of the tetracycline antibiotics residues observed in this study might be as a result of instability of tetracycline when exposed to heat as recorded by Loksuwan (2002). Moats (1999) observed partial reduction in the occurrence of tetracycline residues concentrations during heat treatment and also found out that temperature at 62°C over a period of 30 minutes cause a reduction in chlortetracycline content by 16% and oxytetracycline by 23%, while 27% and 35% reduction were obtained at 72°C respectively (Navratilova et al, 2009). The ability of antibiotic residues to cause antibiotic resistance is not as a result of significant doses but sublittle amounts of residues ingested over time build up/ accumulate in the body and often promote the development of resistant strains of bacteria which results in therapeutic failure as a result of the body's sensitivity to them (Adetunji, 2008).…”

Degradation of oxytetracycline in the aquatic environment: a proposed steady state kinetic model that takes into account hydrolysis, photolysis, microbial degradation and adsorption by colloidal and sediment particles

“…[6] There is also a general fear that pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment can reach levels that are toxic to humans and aquatic life. Toxic effects of oxytetracycline in the aquatic environment have been discussed by Navratilova et al [7] Oxytetracycline has been implicated in the aetiology of hypouricemia, hypokalemia, proximal and distal renal tubular acidosis. If children of 0-8 years or pregnant women drink water contaminated with oxytetracycline there is a risk of developing secondary tooth discoloration.…”

Synthesis and characterization of oxytetracycline imprinted magnetic polymer for application in food

“…OTC also finds application in human therapy, apiculture and fruit crop production (Niazi et al 2008). The presence of OTC residue in foods may constitute a variety of public health hazards including toxicological, microbiological, immunological and pharmacological hazards (Navrátilová et al 2009). Frequent use of antibiotic impacts on emergence of antimicrobial resistance creates disorder in intestinal flora and may lead to possible occurrence of allergic reactions (Honkanen-Buzalski and Reybroeck 1997;Roberts 1997;Cerniglia and Kotarski 2005).…”