Occurrence of ticks and tick-borne mixed parasitic microbiota in cross-bred cattle in District Lahore, Pakistan

Hasan, Musarrat; Roohi, Nabila; Rashid, Imran; Ali, Shahzad; Rehman, Z. ul

doi:10.1590/1519-6984.266721

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 61 publications

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“…In our previous study, A. marginale was detected in the blood of infected crossbred Holstein cattle [ 24 ]. In the current study, A. marginale was further used for the inoculation of rabbits.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rearing of Rhipicephalus annulatus ticks on rabbits for the biological transmission of Anaplasma marginale

Ali,

Ahmad,

Ashraf

et al. 2024

Vet World

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Background and Aim: Anaplasma marginale is an obligate intraerythrocytic rickettsial parasite that infects cattle in tropical and subtropical regions. There is no evidence that A. marginale inoculation can be used to culture Rhipicephalus annulatus in rabbits. This study aimed to determine the molting of R. annulatus larvae, nymphs, and adults on rabbits as well as nymphs and adults of R. annulatus on calves with or without A. marginale. Transstadial, horizontal, and transovarial transmissions of A. marginale in R. annulatus reared on rabbits and calves were evaluated. Materials and Methods: Engorged female ticks were collected from field samples of A. marginale-infected and non-infected cattle. We divided the eight rabbits into two groups: A and B. Group A rabbits were infected with A. marginale through parenteral inoculation, whereas Group B rabbits were kept as a control. The “clean rabbits” in Group B were observed for tick rearing without A. marginale. Polymerase chain reaction was used to screen A. marginale in rabbits and stages of tick. The complete life cycle of R. annulatus with or without A. marginale was observed on rabbits. Results: A 6.5-day longer life cycle was observed in ticks harboring A. marginale than in ticks without A. marginale. To observe transstadial transmission, transstadial, horizontal, and transovarial transmissions of A. marginale in R. annulatus ticks were experimentally observed in one clean calf fed separately with infected nymphs and female adult ticks. Conclusion: We experimentally observed transovarian, transstadial, and transovarial transmission of A. marginale in R. annulatus ticks as a biological vector reared on calves and rabbits. We used rabbits as a model animal for rearing R. annulatus ticks and culture of A. marginale. Keywords: Anaplasma marginale, horizontal, rabbits, Rhipicephalus annulatus, transovarial, transstadial. Keywords: Anaplasma marginale, horizontal, rabbits, Rhipicephalus annulatus, transovarial, transstadial.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rearing of Rhipicephalus annulatus ticks on rabbits for the biological transmission of Anaplasma marginale

Ali,

Ahmad,

Ashraf

et al. 2024

Vet World

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Impact of Farm Management Practices on Tick Infestation in Punjab’s Livestock: A Comprehensive Epidemiological Study

Alvi,

Rehman,

Jamil

et al. 2024

Animals

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Tick infestation poses an important challenge to livestock in Pakistan. Farm management practices and environmental variables can influence tick infestation prevalence in animals. To this end, a cross-sectional survey of 96 farms in four different geographical districts (24 farms from each district) was conducted in Punjab, Pakistan, between October 2021 and January 2022. An epidemiological questionnaire was designed focusing on farm management practices and their impact on tick infestations at these farms. Data were collected via in-person interviews. Regional and farm-specific variables’ associations were evaluated using Pearson’s chi-square test and Fischer’s exact test, respectively. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to identify significant risk factors. This study identified that using soft bedding materials, e.g., wheat straw, leaf litter or plain soil posed a significant risk of tick infestation. Additionally, the absence of quarantine measures, open sheds and inadequate drainage were found as contributing factors in univariable analysis. Higher tick prevalence in the hotter seasons highlighted the influence of Punjab’s extreme weather on tick infestation. Despite regular veterinary visits and the use of acaricidal drugs, the prevalence of tick infestation at these farms suggested potential drug resistance in the ticks. The study recommended establishing quarantine practices, improving farms’ drainage systems and bedding and using a combination of chemical and traditional remedies to tackle drug resistance in ticks. Education and awareness programs on tick-borne diseases and control measures are advocated to reduce the tick infestation burden on animals. Further research on longitudinal studies to better understand tick population dynamics and develop effective acaricides is encouraged. This called for collaborative control efforts among farmers, veterinarians and research institutions.

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Occurrence of ticks and tick-borne mixed parasitic microbiota in cross-bred cattle in District Lahore, Pakistan

Cited by 2 publications

References 61 publications

Rearing of Rhipicephalus annulatus ticks on rabbits for the biological transmission of Anaplasma marginale

Rearing of Rhipicephalus annulatus ticks on rabbits for the biological transmission of Anaplasma marginale

Impact of Farm Management Practices on Tick Infestation in Punjab’s Livestock: A Comprehensive Epidemiological Study

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