Occurrence patterns of pharmaceutical residues in wastewater, surface water and groundwater of Nairobi and Kisumu city, Kenya

K'Oreje, Kenneth; Vergeynst, Leendert; Ombaka, Daniel Paul Odhiambo; Wispelaere, Patrick De; Okoth, Maurice; Langenhove, Herman Van; Demeestere, Kristof

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.01.095

Cited by 329 publications

(126 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Other similar studies have reported concentration of up to 167 µg/L for 3TC in some Kenyan surface waters 49 . Concentrations greater than LOQ in surface waters for ZDV and NVP have also recently been reported in Germany, South Africa and Kenya 17,49,50 . 45,56 compensate for the matrix effect and sample preparation related loses.…”

Section: Surface Watermentioning

confidence: 94%

A multiresidue analytical method for trace level determination of antibiotics and antiretroviral drugs in wastewater and surface water using SPE-LC-MS/MS and matrix-matched standards

et al. 2016

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Tuhkanen, T. (2016). A multiresidue analytical method for trace level determination of antibiotics and antiretroviral drugs in wastewater and surface water using SPE-LC-MS/MS and matrix-matched standards. Analytical Methods, 8 (37), 6720-6729. doi:10.1039 AbstractAn analytical method for simultaneous determination of seven commonly used antibiotics and three antiretrovirals in surface water and urban wastewater at ng/L level has been developed. The method involves concentration and clean-up by solid phase extraction (SPE) followed by identification and quantification by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS). The use of matrix-matched calibration curves constructed by spiking surface water was evaluated for quantification and compared with the internal standard method using isotopically labelled compounds. The method gave absolute recoveries of 41-116% with most of the compounds having recoveries >50%. The LOQ ranged from 5-63 ng/L allowing for determination of the analytes at trace levels in the environmental samples considered. The difference in the quantification results obtained using surface water matrix-matched standards and internal standards were within ±20% margin.The method provides an affordable and relatively fast alternative with acceptable accuracy and precision. The method was applied to study the occurrence of the target analytes in surface water of Lake Päijänne and wastewater from Jyväskylä wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in Central Finland. All target compounds were detected in the WWTP streams with concentration ranging between 10-570 ng/L while low ng/L levels were measured for some of the analytes in surface waters. The results institutes the need for further monitoring in in other WWTP streams and receiving waters as well as improvements of the wastewater treatment process with the aim of minimizing the pharmaceutical load in the effluents.

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Section: Surface Watermentioning

confidence: 94%

A multiresidue analytical method for trace level determination of antibiotics and antiretroviral drugs in wastewater and surface water using SPE-LC-MS/MS and matrix-matched standards

et al. 2016

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“…However, information concerning the identification and quantification of pharmaceutical compounds in many African ecosystems is sparse and scanty. The capability of the sewage treatment processes in removing pharmaceuticals from wastewater in African countries is also not fully known . There is scarcity of information concerning the utilization of grape slurry waste as a precursor of carbon‐based adsorbents, as well as its application for the removal of amoxicillin (AMX), ampicillin (AMP), or chloramphenicol (CHLR).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Antibiotic resistance, for instance, has been indicated for potential aquatic toxicity, genotoxicity, and endocrine disruption. [9,[10][11][12][13][14] Chayid and Ahmed [15] also suggested that occurrence of antibiotics in aquatic environments may pose potential adverse effects, including acute and chronic toxicity on humans and animals via indirect contact or through heterotrophic translocations. [3,8,15] The accumulation, environmental stability, and observed toxic effects of pharmaceutical compounds on unintended organisms have attracted interest in the scientific community.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[33] Information about the availability and widespread occurrence of pharmaceuticals in the environment has been highlighted in America, Canada, and in many European and Asian countries. [14,34] However, information concerning the identification and quantification of pharmaceutical compounds in many African ecosystems is sparse and scanty. The capability of the sewage treatment processes in removing pharmaceuticals from wastewater in African countries is also not fully known.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Abatement of Amoxicillin, Ampicillin, and Chloramphenicol From Aqueous Solutions Using Activated Carbon Prepared From Grape Slurry

Chitongo

Opeolu

Olatunji

2018

CLEAN Soil Air Water

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The adsorption of amoxicillin (AMX), ampicillin (AMP), and chloramphenicol (CHLR) from simulated antibiotic‐contaminated water using adsorbents prepared from grape slurry waste is studied. Batch adsorption experiments are carried out to evaluate the adsorption capacity of the adsorbents for AMX, AMP, and CHLR. Adsorption isotherms are described by the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms, while the pseudo‐second order kinetics describe the sorption processes. Negative values of the enthalpy change show that the sorption processes are exothermic, and the positive values of the Gibbs free energy change indicates non‐spontaneous but feasible nature of the adsorption. The study shows that grape slurry waste could be a good precursor to prepare effective adsorbents for the remediation of antibiotic‐contaminated wastewater.

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“…Low levels of antibiotics, antiinflammatory, endocrine disruptors, psychotropics and mood altering drugs and X-ray contrast media have been detected in surface waters, soils, wastewaters and in drinking water sources of major cities, both within the USA and worldwide [1][2][3][4]. Recent reviews have described the occurrence and possible effects of drug residues in tissues of aquatic organisms and wildlife [5][6][7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmaceutical Dispensing and Wasting In Health Care Facilities, Amounts, Costs and Evaluation of Potential Ecologic Effects

Mankes¹,

Silver²

2017

SOJPPS

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Drug waste from hospitals contributes to environmental contamination. Patient excreta, bathing or discarding of excess drugs are some sources of drug waste. We report on the wasting of 84 drugs of 14 therapeutic classes in two hospitals in Albany, NY. We consider drug metabolism, excretion, disposal and ecotoxicity in strategies for reducing drug waste, costs and potential environmental damage.Medication (12,345) and waste collection (199) records for: drugs dispensed, returned and wasted were examined. Of 2,700 drugs available, 84 drugs from 14 classes, weighing 56 kg were dispensed to patients, and 2.3 kg were wasted. Twelve drugs accounted for 80 percent of the drug waste and cost $111,000. Of the top wasted and dispensed drugs, all but ibuprofen are persistant and none were bioaccumulative. Ibuprofen, ipratropium ondansetron and oxymetazoline are "very highly toxic" or "highly toxic". Environmental Risk Ratio (PEC/PNEC) for the 20 top drugs were"Insignificant" or "Cannot Be Excluded".Acetazolamide is the most toxic to fish. Dexamethasone has the greatest chronic toxicity to Ceriodaphnia. Ibuprofen is predicted to be very highly toxic (acute and chronic) to zebra mussel, crab and fish. Neostigmine is the most acutely toxic (LC50<1 mg/L) to Daphnia. Ondansetron is the most acutely toxic to green algae. All but 2 of the drugs were 5 to 100% excreted. Fourteen were metabolised. Active metabolites were formed from 2 drugs. Nicardipine, ondansetron and prednisone formed drug conjugates which were excreted. Incineration was the manufacturer's recommended disposal method.We recommend excess drugs be returned to the hospital pharmacy for disposal by incineration. Drug use and disposal should be monitored by an expert committee according to recognized guidelines of pharmaceutical management. Knowledge of the adverse impacts from the release of highly toxic drugs into the environment must influence drug selection and disposal.Key words: Waste; Ecotoxicity; Wastewater; Abbreviations AMCH = Academic Medical Center Hospital; ASTER = Assessment Tools for the Evaluation of Risk. United States Environmental Protection Agency https://archive.epa.gov/med/med_archive_03/web/html/ aster.html Last accessed 6/4/17; B = Bioaccumulation is the general term describing a process by which chemicals are taken up by an organism either directly from exposure to a contaminated medium or by consumption of food containing the chemical; EC50 = Effective Concentration producing an adverse effect in 50% of a test species; EbC50 or ErC50 = EC50 in terms of reduction of growth rate; EyC50 = EC50 in terms of change in biomass yield; Ecosar = Ecologic Structure Activity Relationships is a computerized predictive system that estimates aquatic toxicity. The program estimates a chemical's acute (short-term) toxicity and chronic (long-term or delayed) toxicity to aquatic organisms such as fish, invertebrates, and plants by using computerized Structure Activity Relationships (SARs). https://www.epa.gov/tsca-screening-tools/ ecological-structure-...

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Occurrence patterns of pharmaceutical residues in wastewater, surface water and groundwater of Nairobi and Kisumu city, Kenya

Cited by 329 publications

References 36 publications

A multiresidue analytical method for trace level determination of antibiotics and antiretroviral drugs in wastewater and surface water using SPE-LC-MS/MS and matrix-matched standards

A multiresidue analytical method for trace level determination of antibiotics and antiretroviral drugs in wastewater and surface water using SPE-LC-MS/MS and matrix-matched standards

Abatement of Amoxicillin, Ampicillin, and Chloramphenicol From Aqueous Solutions Using Activated Carbon Prepared From Grape Slurry

Pharmaceutical Dispensing and Wasting In Health Care Facilities, Amounts, Costs and Evaluation of Potential Ecologic Effects

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