Occurrence, seasonal variation and inhalation exposure of atmospheric organophosphate and pyrethroid pesticides in an urban community in South China

Inter-compartmental transport of organophosphate and pyrethroid pesticides in South China: Implications for a regional risk assessment

“…Alternatively, the higher fugacity of pyrethroids in water than that in air drove their volatilization from water to air. Chlorpyrifos had a higher gaseous exchange flux compared to the pyrethroids, which was due to not only its higher total atmospheric concentrations, but also its higher vapor pressure and subsequently higher percentage of compound in the gas phase relative to the particles (Li et al, 2014). This result was supported by the research conducted by Palm et al (2004).…”

“…Transport processes 3.1.1. Air-water-sediment The airewater gaseous exchange flux of chlorpyrifos and the target pyrethroids were estimated using annual gaseous concentrations taken from Li et al (2014) and the dissolved water concentrations in an urban creek in Guangzhou (unpublished data) ( Table 1). As presented in Tables 2 and S2 in Supplemental material and Fig.…”

“…Dynamic fluxes for each inter-compartmental transport system were calculated using annual atmospheric (Li et al, 2014) and soil pesticide concentrations (unpublished data) from Guangzhou, along with water (unpublished data) and sediment concentrations taken from Chebei Creek, an urban stream in Guangzhou (Table 1).…”

“…Current-use pesticides (CUPs), such as organophosphates and pyrethroids, have recently been detected in various environmental compartments worldwide (Gan et al, 2005;Hintzen et al, 2009;Li et al, 2013aLi et al, , 2014Mehler et al, 2011;Weston et al, 2005, however, little information is available on their transport within ecosystems. While transport of chlorpyrifos, an organophosphate, has been reported in an airewater system (Harman-Fetcho et al, 2000;Luo and Zhang, 2009;Zhong et al, 2012), studies detailing the transport of pyrethroids have been limited to surface runoff (Gan et al, 2005;.…”

“…The warm and humid weather in this area promotes pest proliferation and therefore pesticide use. Both chlorpyrifos and pyrethroids have been detected at high frequency and concentrations in the atmosphere and aquatic systems in Guangzhou (Li et al, , 2014, which suggested that it was an ideal city for studying inter-compartmental transport of these pesticides.…”