Occurrence, source apportionment and potential risks of selected PPCPs in groundwater used as a source of drinking water from key urban-rural settings of Pakistan

Khan, Hudda Khaleeq; Rehman, Muhammad Yasir Abdur; Junaid, Muhammad; Lv, Mingyang; Yue, Linxia; Haq, Ihsan‐ul; Xu, Nan; Malik, Riffat Naseem

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151010

Cited by 22 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…The PCA-MLR model was employed to further quantitatively describe the source of PPCPs in the river water of northern TLB, which has been successfully used for source identification of PPCPs in river waters [ 26 , 27 ]. PPCPs without detection or with low detection frequency were excluded from this section.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, an understanding of the sources and fluxes of PPCPs from land waters to the lake area is critical to inform mitigation strategies for the PPCP pollution in the TLB. Several studies have indicated that wastewater effluent is a major source of PPCPs within a basin [ 25 , 26 ]. Meanwhile, other emission sources, such as untreated wastewater, could also make large contributions to the total load of PPCPs in rivers and lakes [ 27 , 28 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products across Different Water Bodies in Taihu Lake Basin, China: Occurrence, Source, and Flux

Huang

Ding

Jiang

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Although pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) have attracted great attentions, their occurrence characteristics across different water bodies at a basin scale remain poorly understood. To grasp a more comprehensive understanding of PPCP pollution from the perspective of the whole basin, the occurrence, spatial and seasonal variation, source, and flux of thirteen PPCPs across the different environmental compartments of the northern Taihu Lake Basin (TLB) were studied. The results showed that the non-therapeutic pharmaceuticals caffeine (CFI) and n, n-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET) were the main components across the different environmental compartments. The total concentrations of detected PPCPs ranged from 0.2 to 2437.9 ng/L. Higher concentrations of PPCPs were observed in spring and autumn, which were mainly attributed to seasonal differences in PPCP consumption. Generally, pollution level was higher in industry and agriculture area and in the inner bay and southwest of Taihu Lake. Source apportionment indicated that untreated water was the main source of PPCPs in river waters of the northern TLB. Flux estimation showed that the mean annual flux of PPCPs from northern TLB to Taihu Lake in 2021 was 1.6 t/a, which was higher in comparison with other areas. Overall, the resulting data will be useful to enrich the research of PPCPs in freshwater for environmental investigations.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products across Different Water Bodies in Taihu Lake Basin, China: Occurrence, Source, and Flux

Huang

Ding

Jiang

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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“…A ocorrência de PPCPs em águas residuais domiciliares ou industriais tem sido relatada frequentemente (Ghosh et al, 2021;Khan et al, (Pompei et al, 2019;Chaves et al, 2020).…”

Section: Ocorrência De Fármacos E Produtos De Cuidado Pessoal Em Dife...unclassified

“…Vários estudos demonstram a presença de grupos de fármacos presentes em amostras de águas subterrâneas quando foram analisadas, podendo ser encontradas concentrações acima do normal de antibióticos, hormônios, analgésicos e anti-inflamatórios (Fu et al, 2021;Khan et al, 2021).…”

Section: áGuas Subterrâneasunclassified

Biodegradação e biorremediação de fármacos, cosméticos e produtos de higiene pessoal

Silva,

Melo,

Uber

et al. 2022

Biodegradação E Biorremediação

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“…Apart from SPE cartridges and instrument parameters, the chemical diversity of PPCPs in environmental samples is also a major challenge for the analysis, and therefore finding a simultaneous detection method for various PPCPs becomes crucial. Currently, during the liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis, the positive and negative ion modes are detected separately 20,21 and the method limit cannot be guaranteed when a large number of PPCPs were detected simultaneously. [21][22][23][24][25] In some cases, various SPE cartridges need to be combined in series for extraction, and researchers have to classify the extraction schemes according to the different target PPCPs, which greatly increase the workload.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An advanced LC–MS/MS protocol for simultaneous detection of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in the environment

Yao

et al. 2022

Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry

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Rationale The development of appropriate analytical screening techniques for pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) is the basis for studying the distribution and environmental impact of emerging contaminants (ECs). Mass spectrometry‐based screening methods vary with the complexity of the target compounds. It is challenging to balance both positive and negative ion quantification with a low detection limit. To establish a set of experimental methods including extraction, chromatography‐separation and mass spectrometry screening is one of the most important topics in PPCP research. This paper describes a universal and efficient qualification and quantification protocol for the simultaneous detection of 34 PPCPs in different environmental samples in a single analytical data acquisition run. Methods Thirty‐four representative PPCPs, which are widely distributed in the environment with high ecological toxicity and complex chemical structures, were selected as representative target ECs. The extraction of the target PPCPs was achieved using only one solid‐phase extraction cartridge without the need to adjust the pH of samples. The enriched samples were detected by LC–MS/MS in both positive and negative ion modes simultaneously. The protocol was evaluated based on the accuracy, precision, detection limits and matrix effects. Results This method achieved simultaneous detection of PPCPs in both positive and negative ion modes, with a single analytical cycle of 12 min. The observed SPE recoveries were between 40% and 115%. The instrumental detection limits (IDL) varied from 0.01 to 1 pg, and the method detection limits (MDL) were between 0.002 and 3.323 ng/l in different matrices. Most of the PPCPs were subjected to matrix suppression below 30%. The method was successfully applied for quantitative analysis of the PPCPs in different environmental samples, including river samples, wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) samples and soil samples. Conclusions This protocol developed a rapid and efficient detection method to simultaneous qualitative and quantitative 34 representative PPCPs in the environment. The IDL ranged from 0.01 to 1 pg and the MDL ranged from 0.002 to 3.323 ng/l in different matrices. The detection limit was one order of magnitude lower compared to previous studies. The protocol also provided a wide application range for different environmental matrices, which permitted the migration and transformation of PPCPs to be explored.

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Occurrence, source apportionment and potential risks of selected PPCPs in groundwater used as a source of drinking water from key urban-rural settings of Pakistan

Cited by 22 publications

References 61 publications

Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products across Different Water Bodies in Taihu Lake Basin, China: Occurrence, Source, and Flux

Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products across Different Water Bodies in Taihu Lake Basin, China: Occurrence, Source, and Flux

Biodegradação e biorremediação de fármacos, cosméticos e produtos de higiene pessoal

An advanced LC–MS/MS protocol for simultaneous detection of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in the environment

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