Occurrence, sources, and fate of pharmaceuticals in aquatic environment and soil

Screening of pharmaceuticals and illicit drugs in wastewater and surface waters of Spain and Italy by high resolution mass spectrometry using UHPLC-QTOF MS and LC-LTQ-Orbitrap MS

“…Caffeine, irbesartan, valsartan and venlafaxine were also found in a high enough concentration in surface water to be identified by at least one of the two instruments. Several previous studies have also shown that these compounds are not fully removed in WWTPs and can be present in surface waters (Ferrer and Thurman, 2012;Kasprzyk-Hordern et al, 2007;Li, 2014;Luo et al, 2014), which indicates that further investigation into their potential fate and harm to the environment is necessary.…”

“…PIDs are continuously excreted or disposed into the sewer systems as the unaltered parent compound or as metabolites (Richardson, 2012). Compounds of the most concern in the environment are those found with high concentrations and those that have been proven detrimental to the aquatic life; in fact, for several antibiotics, hormones and pharmaceuticals, some effects have been shown (Brozinski et al, 2013;Kümmerer, 2009;Li, 2014). Various pharmaceuticals, antibiotics and illicit drugs and metabolites such as acetaminophen, carbamazepine, diclofenac, ciprofloxacin and benzoylecgonine, are frequently detected in waters and are considered a potential threat (Li, 2014;Luo et al, 2014;Pal et al, 2013).…”

Modelling diclofenac and ibuprofen residues in major Estonian seaside cities

“…With an increasingly aging population over the world in recent years, a new problem has emerged: pharmaceutical residues in the environment (Zhou et al, 2009). Pharmaceutical residues have already been found in measurable concentrations (µg/l and ng/l) in lakes, seas, groundwater (diclofenac and ibuprofen in range of 0.03-0.06 µg/l and 0.004-0.4 µg/l accordingly) and drinking water and they have become an emerging environmental problem (Cleuvers, 2004;Fent et al, 2006;Li, 2014). There is no acute toxic effect of pharmaceuticals for humans, but the concerning issue is their chronic toxicity and bioaccumulation.…”

Disruption of the Prostaglandin Metabolome and Characterization of the Pharmaceutical Exposome in Fish Exposed to Wastewater Treatment Works Effluent As Revealed by Nanoflow-Nanospray Mass Spectrometry-Based Metabolomics

“…Treated wastewaters 38 contain a wide range of biologically active man-made chemicals including pharmaceuticals, 39 personal care products and pesticides, which maybe incompletely removed during influent 40 treatment resulting in their temporally varying concentrations in the receiving waters. 1 Many 41 studies have reported the presence of numerous pharmaceuticals from different therapeutic 42 classes in final effluents and surface waters including non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs 43 (NSAIDs), selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), antipsychotics, statins and fibrates, 44 beta blockers, and anticoagulants. [1][2][3] Pharmaceuticals are designed to interact with high 45 affinity with specific biological targets (e.g.…”

“…1 Many 41 studies have reported the presence of numerous pharmaceuticals from different therapeutic 42 classes in final effluents and surface waters including non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs 43 (NSAIDs), selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), antipsychotics, statins and fibrates, 44 beta blockers, and anticoagulants. [1][2][3] Pharmaceuticals are designed to interact with high 45 affinity with specific biological targets (e.g. receptors, enzymes) in humans and livestock (for 46 veterinary pharmaceuticals) and these targets can be evolutionary conserved and functional 47 formic acid (FA) was added to each sample to a final proportion of 80/20 methanol/plasma 125 (v/v).…”