2023
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40266-7
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Occurrences, sources and health hazard estimation of potentially toxic elements in the groundwater of Garhwal Himalaya, India

Abstract: High concentrations of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in potable water can cause severe human health disorders. Present study examined the fitness of groundwater for drinking purpose based on the occurrence of nine PTEs in a heavy pilgrim and tourist influx region of the Garhwal Himalaya, India. The concentrations of analyzed PTEs in groundwater were observed in the order of Zn > Mn > As > Al > Cu > Cr > Se > Pb > Cd. Apart from Mn and As, other PTEs were within the corresponding gui… Show more

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Cited by 35 publications
(6 citation statements)
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“…It is important to emphasize that other anthropogenic activities, such as agricultural practices or the improper disposal and infiltration of domestic and municipal wastewater, can also contribute to the contamination of groundwater with heavy metals [2,9,73]. Nonetheless, given that the groundwater was sampled at hotspots in close proximity to the Majdanpek mine open pits, tailings, overburdens, or transportation routes, these sources are considered to have a minor impact on the heavy metal content in the groundwater.…”
Section: Multivariate Analysis/pattern Recognitionmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…It is important to emphasize that other anthropogenic activities, such as agricultural practices or the improper disposal and infiltration of domestic and municipal wastewater, can also contribute to the contamination of groundwater with heavy metals [2,9,73]. Nonetheless, given that the groundwater was sampled at hotspots in close proximity to the Majdanpek mine open pits, tailings, overburdens, or transportation routes, these sources are considered to have a minor impact on the heavy metal content in the groundwater.…”
Section: Multivariate Analysis/pattern Recognitionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…However, groundwater is being adversely affected by human activity at an accelerating rate. Moreover, over the past few decades, anthropogenic activities, such as rapid urbanization, industrial development, untreated industrial discharges, the overuse of fertilizers in agriculture, and traffic, have become the primary causes of heavy metal groundwater contamination worldwide [9][10][11]. Heavy metals pose a particular threat in areas where mining activities such as surface mining, deep mining, or auxiliary projects occur [12][13][14].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…For Cu(II) it is the corrosion of distribution pipes and erosion from natural deposits. Apart from that, mining activities, seawater intrusion, discharge of industrial and domestic effluents, weathering sedimentary rocks, adsorption at clay layer, extensive agricultural activities, leaching from the laterite and lateritic soil layers, and combustion residues of the thermal power plant contribute to the Cu(II) and Pb(II) pollution 15,16 . It becomes imperative to monitor their presence in the environment.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Apart from that, mining activities, seawater intrusion, discharge of industrial and domestic effluents, weathering sedimentary rocks, adsorption at clay layer, extensive agricultural activities, leaching from the laterite and lateritic soil layers, and combustion residues of the thermal power plant contribute to the Cu(II) and Pb(II) pollution. 15,16 It becomes imperative to monitor their presence in the environment. One of the most difficult challenges is determining these at trace or ultra-trace levels in complex sample matrices.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…About two hundred million peoples, from 25 developing countries are severally affected by the detrimental consequences of fluorosis 16 , 17 , 20 , 21 . In India alone, approximately 66 million individuals, includes six million children below 14 years of age, and 45 million in China, face risks such as teeth mottling, bone deformities and neurological damage by regular use of ground-drinking water containing fluoride levels ≥ 1.5 mg/L 22 . The existing body of literature provides valuable insights into the diverse sources, distribution patterns, and mitigation strategies related to groundwater fluoride contamination.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%