Ocean acidification affects competition for space: projections of community structure using cellular automata

McCoy, Sophie J.; Allesina, Stefano; Pfister, Catherine A.

doi:10.1098/rspb.2015.2561

Cited by 9 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 61 publications

(102 reference statements)

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“…Pseudolithophyllum muricatum, as previously studied on Tatoosh Island, WA (McCoy, 2013;McCoy & Pfister, 2014;McCoy & Ragazzola, 2014;McCoy et al, 2016;Paine, 1980Paine, , 1984Steneck & Paine, 1986), has since been regrouped into the Crusticorallina species complex (Hind, Gabrielson, Jensen, & Martone, 2016). A genetic re-characterization of Pseudolithophyllum whidbeyense is currently underway (P. Gabrielson, personal communication).…”

Section: A Note On Taxonomymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Acidification effects on noncalcified macroalgae are difficult to generalize across species and environments, but are likely to affect coralline-algal grazers as noncalcified macroalgae compete with coralline algae directly and indirectly through grazer-mediated apparent competition (Celis-Plá et al, 2015;Cornwall et al, 2011Cornwall et al, , 2017Hepburn et al, 2011;Nunes et al, 2015). Overall, there is mounting evidence that trophic control in marine systems is changing and may potentially play a stabilizing role in the resonance of climate change responses across marine ecosystems (Falkenberg et al, 2013;Ghedini et al, 2015;Kroeker, Kordas, & Harley, 2017;McCoy & Pfister, 2014;McCoy et al, 2016).…”

Section: Supporting Informationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent advances in climate change ecology have focused on traits that influence species interactions. In macroalgal‐dominated systems, much of this research has centered on herbivory and the scope for altered plant–herbivore interactions and effects of changes to trophic control (Connell & Russell, ; Falkenberg, Russell, & Connell, ; Ghedini, Russell, & Connell, ; McCoy & Pfister, ; McCoy, Allesina, & Pfister, ; Russell et al, ; Vergés et al, ). Similarly, coralline algae stand to be affected by such community processes, yet are also vulnerable as calcifiers among macroalgae (McCoy & Kamenos, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Coralline algal skeletal mineralogy affects grazer impacts

McCoy

Kamenos

2018

Global Change Biology

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In macroalgal-dominated systems, herbivory is a major driver in controlling ecosystem structure. However, the role of altered plant-herbivore interactions and effects of changes to trophic control under global change are poorly understood. This is because both macroalgae and grazers themselves may be affected by global change, making changes in plant-herbivore interactions hard to predict. Coralline algae lay down a calcium carbonate skeleton, which serves as protection from grazing and is preserved in archival samples. Here, we compare grazing damage and intensity to coralline algae in situ over 4 decades characterized by changing seawater acidity. While grazing intensity, herbivore abundance and identity remained constant over time, grazing wound width increased together with Mg content of the skeleton and variability in its mineral organization. In one species, decreases in skeletal organization were found concurrent with deeper skeletal damage by grazers over time since the 1980s. Thus, in a future characterized by acidification, we suggest coralline algae may be more prone to grazing damage, mediated by effects of variability between individuals and species.

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Section: A Note On Taxonomymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Supporting Informationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Coralline algal skeletal mineralogy affects grazer impacts

McCoy

Kamenos

2018

Global Change Biology

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“…Several authors have highlighted the importance of long‐term experiments in evaluating the responses of coralline algae to OA (e.g., Martin et al., ; McCoy & Kamenos, ; Ragazzola et al., ). Long‐term studies can reveal very different results with respect to short‐term ones (McCoy et al., ) and provide important information on the potential for physiological acclimation (see Hurd et al., ; Martin et al., ; Ragazzola et al., ). Nevertheless, the response of coralline algae to OA has mainly been investigated through short‐term experiments (Martin et al., ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High CO₂ decreases the long‐term resilience of the free‐living coralline algae Phymatolithon lusitanicum

Sordo

Santos

Barrote

et al. 2018

Ecology and Evolution

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Mäerl/rhodolith beds are protected habitats that may be affected by ocean acidification (OA), but it is still unclear how the availability of CO 2 will affect the metabolism of these organisms. Some of the inconsistencies found among OA experimental studies may be related to experimental exposure time and synergetic effects with other stressors. Here, we investigated the long‐term (up to 20 months) effects of OA on the production and calcification of the most common mäerl species of southern Portugal, Phymatolithon lusitanicum. Both the photosynthetic and calcification rates increased with CO 2 after the first 11 months of the experiment, whereas respiration slightly decreased with CO 2. After 20 months, the pattern was reversed. Acidified algae showed lower photosynthetic and calcification rates, as well as lower accumulated growth than control algae, suggesting that a metabolic threshold was exceeded. Our results indicate that long‐term exposure to high CO 2 will decrease the resilience of Phymatolithon lusitanicum. Our results also show that shallow communities of these rhodoliths may be particularly at risk, while deeper rhodolith beds may become ocean acidification refuges for this biological community.

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“…Emerging research indicates that net growth or calcification of coralline algae can sometimes be maintained, or even increased, in elevated p CO 2 conditions stimulated by day-time hypercalcification (rapid deposition of CaCO 3 ) [ 13 , 23 ]. Field studies in naturally high p CO 2 environments have found that some coralline algal species can grow at similar rates in ambient and high p CO 2 conditions, and reductions in the abundance of coralline algae in these more acidic conditions may be driven by altered species interactions [ 24 , 25 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coralline algae in a naturally acidified ecosystem persist by maintaining control of skeletal mineralogy and size

et al. 2016

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To understand the effects of ocean acidification (OA) on marine calcifiers, the trade-offs among different sublethal responses within individual species and the emergent effects of these trade-offs must be determined in an ecosystem setting. Crustose coralline algae (CCA) provide a model to test the ecological consequences of such sublethal effects as they are important in ecosystem functioning, service provision, carbon cycling and use dissolved inorganic carbon to calcify and photosynthesize. Settlement tiles were placed in ambient pH, low pH and extremely low pH conditions for 14 months at a natural CO2 vent. The size, magnesium (Mg) content and molecular-scale skeletal disorder of CCA patches were assessed at 3.5, 6.5 and 14 months from tile deployment. Despite reductions in their abundance in low pH, the largest CCA from ambient and low pH zones were of similar sizes and had similar Mg content and skeletal disorder. This suggests that the most resilient CCA in low pH did not trade-off skeletal structure to maintain growth. CCA that settled in the extremely low pH, however, were significantly smaller and exhibited altered skeletal mineralogy (high Mg calcite to gypsum (hydrated calcium sulfate)), although at present it is unclear if these mineralogical changes offered any fitness benefits in extreme low pH. This field assessment of biological effects of OA provides endpoint information needed to generate an ecosystem relevant understanding of calcifying system persistence.

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Ocean acidification affects competition for space: projections of community structure using cellular automata

Cited by 9 publications

References 61 publications

Coralline algal skeletal mineralogy affects grazer impacts

Coralline algal skeletal mineralogy affects grazer impacts

High CO₂ decreases the long‐term resilience of the free‐living coralline algae Phymatolithon lusitanicum

Coralline algae in a naturally acidified ecosystem persist by maintaining control of skeletal mineralogy and size

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Ocean acidification affects competition for space: projections of community structure using cellular automata

Cited by 9 publications

References 61 publications

Coralline algal skeletal mineralogy affects grazer impacts

Coralline algal skeletal mineralogy affects grazer impacts

High CO2 decreases the long‐term resilience of the free‐living coralline algae Phymatolithon lusitanicum

Coralline algae in a naturally acidified ecosystem persist by maintaining control of skeletal mineralogy and size

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High CO₂ decreases the long‐term resilience of the free‐living coralline algae Phymatolithon lusitanicum