Ocean Climate Monitoring

Abstract

Measuring ocean physics and atmospheric conditions at the sea-surface has been taking place for decades in our world's oceans. Enhancing R&D technologies developed in Federal and academic institutions and laboratories such as WHOI's Vector Averaging Current Meter (VACM, 1970s) and NOAA-PMEL's: Autonomous Temperature Line Acquisition System (ATLAS, 1980s) as example, in situ ocean measurements and realtime telemetry for data processing and dissemination from remote areas of oceans and seas are now common place. A transition of this "ocean monitoring" technology has occurred with additional support from individual and group innovative efforts in the field of ocean instrumentation. As a result, long-term monitoring of ocean processes and changes has become more accessible to the research community at large. Here; we discuss a "Hybrid" air-sea interaction deep-sea monitoring system that has been developed in the private sector to mirror ocean-climate community data streams and has been successfully deployed on three basin-scaled programs in the Indian Ocean (RAMA, First Institute of Oceanography, FIO, China), the Andaman Sea (MOMSEI, Monsoon Onset Monitoring, FIO) and the Pacific Ocean (China's Institute of Oceanology, Academy of Sciences (IOCAS) research in the western tropical Pacific). This application is a base to build upon as new sensors are developed and increased sampling at higher resolutions is required. Surface vehicles measure the surface, with some profiling available. Water column density sampling is still a much-needed measurement within the Ocean Climate Monitoring community. The "Hybrid" is a multidisciplinary tool to integrate new biological and biogeochemical sensors for continued interaction studies of the physical processes of our oceans. This application can also be used at FLUX sites to enhance the Argo Program, telemetry applications and docking stations for autonomous vehicles such as sail-drones, gliders and wave riders for enhancement and contribution to the Global Tropical Moored Buoy Array (GTMBA), Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS), Global Climate Observing System (GCOS), and the Global Earth Observing System of Systems (GEOS).

Finding navigation cues near fishways

“…Monitoring fish movement can help to identify relevant navigation cues by linking observed fish positions with measured environmental parameters. Recent developments in high‐throughput telemetry (Nathan et al ., 2022) and advanced environmental and physiological monitoring techniques now allow us to obtain quantitative evidence on navigation cues (Cole et al ., 2019; Mejia et al ., 2021). For aquatic telemetry, linking fine‐scale telemetry to ecohydraulics (mostly flow velocity and direction) is becoming increasingly common (Piper et al ., 2015; Silva et al ., 2020), but links to other environmental parameters remain rare.…”

Establishing an Ocean Acidification Monitoring System for the Tropical Waters of Indonesia Facing Regional Climate Variability

“…Several technologies have been developed for use in in situ experiments to monitor ocean fluctuations, including mooring and micro-electrical-mechanical and even autonomous vehicles, etc. (Cole et al 2019). Autonomous reef monitoring structures (ARMS) are artificial structures that are developed to examine and monitor the most diverse community of invertebrate organisms in coral reef ecosystems.…”