Ocean Effects on Tropical Cyclone Intensification and Inner-Core Asymmetries

Ulrich, Wolfgang; Smith, Roger K.

doi:10.1175/1520-0469(2004)061<1245:oeotci>2.0.co;2

Cited by 37 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…In previous studies, sea surface cooling has been found to have led to the weakening of the typhoons themselves (Chang and Anthes 1979;Zhu et al 2004;Wu et al 2005;Bender et al 2007;Wada 2009). The weakening of a typhoon means that surface wind weakened, leading to the vertical turbulent mixing in the oceanic mixed layer being modified, and this modification affecting the cooling of the sea surface.…”

Section: Typhoon Track Central Pressure and Sea Surface Temperaturementioning

confidence: 93%

“…The atmospheric response to TC-induced sea surface cooling and the impact such a response has on an idealized TC-like vortex has been investigated using atmosphereocean coupled models (Chang and Anthes 1979;Zhu et al 2004;Wu et al 2005;Bender et al 2007;Wada 2009), and an atmosphere-wave-ocean coupled model has recently been developed to numerically simulate TCs (Chen et al 2007(Chen et al , 2013Wada et al 2010Wada et al , 2013Warner et al 2010). It has been shown in numerical experiments that TCinduced sea surface cooling leads to the suppression of the intensity of an idealized TC-like vortex, resulting in decreased latent heat fluxes within the inner core of the vortex and increased inner-core asymmetries (Zhu et al 2004;Wu et al 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been shown in numerical experiments that TCinduced sea surface cooling leads to the suppression of the intensity of an idealized TC-like vortex, resulting in decreased latent heat fluxes within the inner core of the vortex and increased inner-core asymmetries (Zhu et al 2004;Wu et al 2005). However, the effects of interactions between the atmospheric and oceanic environments on TC evolution were not examined using these idealized numerical experiments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Typhoon-induced sea surface cooling during the 2011 and 2012 typhoon seasons: observational evidence and numerical investigations of the sea surface cooling effect using typhoon simulations

Wada

Uehara

Ishizaki

2014

Prog Earth Planet Sci

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Understanding oceanic responses to typhoons and the impacts those responses have on the typhoons themselves is important so that typhoon predictions performed using numerical models and typhoon forecasts can be improved. However, in situ oceanic observations underneath typhoons are still limited. To gain a deep understanding of the oceanic response and estimate the magnitude of its impact, three profiling floats were deployed in the western North Pacific during the 2011 and 2012 typhoon seasons. The daily observations showed that the sea surface cooled by more than 2°C in typhoons Ma-on and Muifa in 2011, and typhoons Bolaven and Parapiroon in 2012. The response was different at different float locations relative to the typhoon center, that is, the response within 100 km of the typhoon center was different to the response more than 100 km from the center on the right-or left-hand sides of the typhoon track, even though the response was affected by pre-existing oceanic conditions, precipitation, and the typhoon intensity. The salinity and temperature profiles were also considerably different before, during, and after the passage of a typhoon. To determine the impacts of typhoon-induced sea surface cooling on typhoon predictions, the impacts of the four typhoons were numerically evaluated using an atmosphere-wave-ocean coupled model. The coupled model simulated sea surface cooling and the resultant increases in the central pressures caused by the passages of the typhoons reasonably well. When axisymmetrically simulated, the mean sea surface cooling beneath a typhoon decreased the latent heat fluxes by 24% to 47%. A larger cooling effect gave a larger decrease in the latent heat flux only during the intensification phase. The decrease in the latent heat flux affected the inner core structure, particularly in the inflow boundary layer and around the eyewall. The cooling effect significantly affected the track simulation only for Typhoon Muifa, which had the weakest zonal steering flow of the four typhoons. These results suggest that making more frequent typhoon observations using profiling floats, further developing oceanic analysis techniques, and improving our understanding of typhoon-ocean interactions are required to produce more accurate typhoon predictions.

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Section: Typhoon Track Central Pressure and Sea Surface Temperaturementioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Typhoon-induced sea surface cooling during the 2011 and 2012 typhoon seasons: observational evidence and numerical investigations of the sea surface cooling effect using typhoon simulations

Wada

Uehara

Ishizaki

2014

Prog Earth Planet Sci

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“…Huang et al (2005) suggested that the SST cooling has an impact on the typhoon track, and the coupled model could reduce the error in the simulated TC track. However, Bender and Ginis (2000) and Zhu et al (2004) indicated that the flow asymmetries induced by the ocean cooling are too small on scale to have significant effects on the typhoon track. In our experiments (Fig.…”

Section: Simulated Typhoon Intensity and Trackmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Holland (1997) used a thermodynamic method and estimated a change of 33 hPa in the sea level pressure (SLP). Zhu et al (2004) found that when SST decreased by 1.0 • C, a TC would weaken by 20 hPa. Similar results were also shown by Chan et al (2001) and Ren and William (2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of the air-sea interaction during Typhoon Kaemi (2006)

et al. 2011

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The high-resolution Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model is coupled to the Princeton Ocean Model (POM) to investigate the effect of air-sea interaction during Typhoon Kaemi that formed in the Northwest Pacific at 0000 UTC 19 July 2006. The coupled model can reasonably reproduce the major features of ocean response to the moving tropical cyclone (TC) forcing, including the deepening of ocean mixed layer (ML), cooling of sea surface temperature (SST), and decaying of typhoon.Due to the appearance of maximum SST cooling to the left of the simulated typhoon track, two points respectively located to the left (16.25 • N, 130.1 • E, named as A, the maximum SST cooling region) and right (17.79 • N, 130.43 • E, named as B) of the typhoon track are taken as the sampling points to study the mechanisms of SST cooling. The low temperature at point A has a good correlation with the 10-m winds but does not persist for a long time, which illustrates that the temperature dropping produced by upwelling is a quick process. Although the wind-current resonance causes oscillations to the left of typhoon track at point A, the fluctuation is not so strong as that at point B. The thin ML and upwelling produced by the Ekman pumping from strong 10-m winds are the main reason of maximum SST cooling appearing to the left of the typhoon track. Due to weaker 10-m winds and thicker and warmer ML at point B, the colder water under the thermocline is surpressed and the temperature dropping is not dramatic when the strongest 10-m winds occur. Afterwards, the temperature gradually decreases, which is found to be caused by the inertial oscillations of the wind-current system. Citation: Liu Lei, Fei Jianfang, Lin Xiaopei, et al., 2011: Study of the air-sea interaction during Typhoon

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Combining LSTM statistical analysis with dynamical models to investigate Typhoon Mangkhut (2018)

Watkins¹,

Chen

2022

Preprint

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Ocean Effects on Tropical Cyclone Intensification and Inner-Core Asymmetries

Cited by 37 publications

References 34 publications

Typhoon-induced sea surface cooling during the 2011 and 2012 typhoon seasons: observational evidence and numerical investigations of the sea surface cooling effect using typhoon simulations

Typhoon-induced sea surface cooling during the 2011 and 2012 typhoon seasons: observational evidence and numerical investigations of the sea surface cooling effect using typhoon simulations

Study of the air-sea interaction during Typhoon Kaemi (2006)

Combining LSTM statistical analysis with dynamical models to investigate Typhoon Mangkhut (2018)

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