Oceanic carbon and water masses during the Mystery Interval: A model‐data comparison study

Huiskamp, Willem; Meißner, Katrin J.

doi:10.1029/2012pa002368

Cited by 21 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 94 publications

(184 reference statements)

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“…Menviel et al, 2014;Huiskamp and Meissner, 2012; see supplementary info) also show a Pacific-Atlantic seesaw, although this is most strongly expressed in the Northern Hemisphere. In these idealized model experiments, the North Atlantic is perturbed with freshwater, resulting in a cessation of NADW formation and decreased 14 C over most of the North Atlantic (including our study site) and below 2000 m in the South Atlantic (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 91%

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An Atlantic–Pacific ventilation seesaw across the last deglaciation

Freeman

Skinner

Tisserand

et al. 2015

Earth and Planetary Science Letters

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It has been proposed that the rapid rise of atmospheric CO 2 across the last deglaciation was driven by the release of carbon from an extremely radiocarbon-depleted abyssal ocean reservoir that was 'vented' to the atmosphere primarily via the deep-and intermediate overturning loops in the Southern Ocean. While some radiocarbon observations from the intermediate ocean appear to confirm this hypothesis, others appear to refute it. Here we use radiocarbon measurements in paired benthic-and planktonic foraminifera to reconstruct the benthic-planktonic 14 C age offset (i.e. 'ventilation age') of intermediate waters in the western equatorial Atlantic. Our results show clear increases in local radiocarbon-based ventilation ages during Heinrich-Stadial 1 (HS1) and the Younger Dryas (YD). These are found to coincide with opposite changes of similar magnitude observed in the Pacific, demonstrating a 'seesaw' in the ventilation of the intermediate Atlantic and Pacific Oceans that numerical model simulations of North Atlantic overturning collapse indicate was primarily driven by North Pacific overturning. We propose that this Atlantic-Pacific ventilation seesaw would have combined with a previously identified North AtlanticSouthern Ocean ventilation seesaw to enhance ocean-atmosphere CO 2 exchange during a 'collapse' of the North Atlantic deep overturning limb. Whereas previous work has emphasized a more passive role for intermediate waters in deglacial climate change (merely conveying changes originating in the Southern Ocean) we suggest instead that the intermediate water seesaw played a more active role via relatively subtle but globally coordinated changes in ocean dynamics that may have further influenced oceanatmosphere carbon exchange.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Mikolajewicz et al, 1997;Okazaki et al, 2010;Chikamoto et al, 2012;Huiskamp and Meissner, 2012) (Fig. 6).…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

An Atlantic–Pacific ventilation seesaw across the last deglaciation

Freeman

Skinner

Tisserand

et al. 2015

Earth and Planetary Science Letters

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“…A similar mechanism occurring during HS1 is also consistent with paleoproxy records as it lowers atmospheric δ 13 CO 2 [ Schmitt et al , ; Tschumi et al , ], decreases the ventilation age of deep Southern Ocean waters [ Skinner et al , ], and enhances mixing of Upper and Lower Circumpolar Deep Waters [ Burke and Robinson , ]. It is also consistent with a decrease in atmospheric Δ 14 C [ Huiskamp and Meissner , ; Matsumoto and Yokoyama , ]. Antarctic ice cores record an atmospheric CO 2 increase of 33 ppmv at the beginning of the last deglaciation and across HS1 [ Monnin et al , ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Previous studies examined either the terrestrial carbon response [ Scholze et al , ; Köhler et al , ], the marine carbon cycle response [ Marchal et al , ; Chikamoto et al , ], or the combined marine and terrestrial carbon response [ Obata , ; Schmittner et al , ; Menviel et al , ; Schmittner and Galbraith , ; Bozbiyik et al , ; Bouttes et al , ; Huiskamp and Meissner , ; Matsumoto and Yokoyama , ] to an AMOC shutdown. While some modeling studies concluded that the oceanic carbon content increased as a result of an AMOC shutdown [ Obata , ; Menviel et al , ; Bozbiyik et al , ; Chikamoto et al , ], others suggested the opposite [ Marchal et al , ; Schmittner et al , ; Schmittner and Galbraith , ; Bouttes et al , ; Matsumoto and Yokoyama , ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atlantic-Pacific seesaw and its role in outgassing CO₂during Heinrich events

et al. 2014

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[1] Paleoproxy records indicate that a marked weakening of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) during Heinrich events was often accompanied by a notable atmospheric CO 2 increase. However, previous modeling studies display conflicting atmospheric CO 2 responses to an AMOC shutdown. Here we use model simulations combined with paleoproxy records to show that depending on the deep and bottom water transport in the Northern and Southern Pacific Ocean during an AMOC weakening, the ocean can act either as a sink or a source of carbon. Results from idealized meltwater experiments as well as from a transient experiment covering Heinrich stadial 4 suggest that a shutdown of the AMOC during Heinrich stadials 4 (HS4) and 1 (HS1) led to an enhancement of Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) and North Pacific Deep Water (NPDW) transport. We show that enhanced deep and bottom water transport in the Pacific Ocean ventilates deep Pacific carbon through the Southern Ocean, thus contributing to a rise in atmospheric CO 2 . This mechanism yields a good agreement between paleoproxy records and modeling results, thus highlighting the possible establishment of an Atlantic-Pacific seesaw during Heinrich stadials. Enhanced AABW and NPDW transport could account for most of the observed atmospheric CO 2 increase during HS4 and for about 30% of the atmospheric CO 2 increase during HS1.

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“…For example, enhanced ocean remineralization length scales during the glacial, due to less active bacteria at low temperatures, could trap more DIC in the deep ocean, which then could account for additional CO 2 outgassing but would also reduce deep-ocean dissolved oxygen concentrations. Also the volume of isolated deep waters in the SO is uncertain; moreover, water masses in other oceans may also have contributed to the overall atmospheric pCO 2 change (Rose et al, 2010;Okazaki et al, 2010;Kwon et al, 2012;Huiskamp and Meissner, 2012). The T glob and pCO 2 changes after the MI across the BA, the Younger Dryas and the Holocene are not expected to be simulated in detail by the DCESS model.…”

Section: Discussion Of Transient Simulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An improved land biosphere module for use in the DCESS Earth system model (version 1.1) with application to the last glacial termination

et al. 2017

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Abstract. Interactions between the land biosphere and the atmosphere play an important role for the Earth's carbon cycle and thus should be considered in studies of global carbon cycling and climate. Simple approaches are a useful first step in this direction but may not be applicable for certain climatic conditions. To improve the ability of the reduced-complexity Danish Center for Earth System Science (DCESS) Earth system model DCESS to address cold climate conditions, we reformulated the model's land biosphere module by extending it to include three dynamically varying vegetation zones as well as a permafrost component. The vegetation zones are formulated by emulating the behaviour of a complex land biosphere model. We show that with the new module, the size and timing of carbon exchanges between atmosphere and land are represented more realistically in cooling and warming experiments. In particular, we use the new module to address carbon cycling and climate change across the last glacial transition. Within the constraints provided by various proxy data records, we tune the DCESS model to a Last Glacial Maximum state and then conduct transient sensitivity experiments across the transition under the application of explicit transition functions for high-latitude ocean exchange, atmospheric dust, and the land ice sheet extent. We compare simulated time evolutions of global mean temperature, pCO 2 , atmospheric and oceanic carbon isotopes as well as ocean dissolved oxygen concentrations with proxy data records. In this way we estimate the importance of different processes across the transition with emphasis on the role of land biosphere variations and show that carbon outgassing from permafrost and uptake of carbon by the land biosphere broadly compensate for each other during the temperature rise of the early last deglaciation.

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Oceanic carbon and water masses during the Mystery Interval: A model‐data comparison study

Cited by 21 publications

References 94 publications

An Atlantic–Pacific ventilation seesaw across the last deglaciation

An Atlantic–Pacific ventilation seesaw across the last deglaciation

Atlantic-Pacific seesaw and its role in outgassing CO₂during Heinrich events

An improved land biosphere module for use in the DCESS Earth system model (version 1.1) with application to the last glacial termination

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Oceanic carbon and water masses during the Mystery Interval: A model‐data comparison study

Cited by 21 publications

References 94 publications

An Atlantic–Pacific ventilation seesaw across the last deglaciation

An Atlantic–Pacific ventilation seesaw across the last deglaciation

Atlantic-Pacific seesaw and its role in outgassing CO2during Heinrich events

An improved land biosphere module for use in the DCESS Earth system model (version 1.1) with application to the last glacial termination

Contact Info

Product

Resources

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Atlantic-Pacific seesaw and its role in outgassing CO₂during Heinrich events