Oceanic environmental changes of subarctic Bering Sea in recent 100 years: Evidence from molecular fossils

Lu, Bing; Chen, Ronghua; Zhou, Huaiyang; Zipan, Wang; Chen, Jianfang; Zhu, Chuanle

doi:10.1360/03yd0422

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…37.5 to 32.7 Ma, samples XJ-23 to XJ-37), the shift in the dominant peak from C 31 to C 29 might be related to vegetation changes that occurred in response to climate change. The C 27 /C 31 and (C 27 + C 29 )/(C 27 + C 29 + C 31 ) ratios largely increased, whereas C 31 /(C 27 + C 29 + C 31 ) and ACL values declined abruptly, indicating a predominance of trees over the Xining Basin. This suggests that the climate was relatively colder and humid during this phase.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…50.2 to 37. 5 Ma, samples XJ-1 to XJ-22), the distinctive predominance of C 31 and relatively high C 31 /(C 27 + C 29 + C 31 ) ratios might have resulted from a greater contribution from grasses, which tend to have longer chain compounds and produce a higher proportion of C 31 . We suspect that grasses or plants with waxy leaves that reduce water loss and have longer chain lengths were in greater abundance during the arid conditions of this phase.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Woody plant n-alkane distributions are dominated by C 27 or C 29 , whereas grasses are preferentially dominated by C 31 . Hence, carbon distribution patterns have been used to estimate changes in vegetation type and therefore paleoclimate.…”

Section: N-alkanesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The strongly hydrophobic nature of the n-alkanes in sediment and their affinity for clays makes them immobile. Molecular stratigraphic approaches using plant n-alkanes have been employed widely for marine sediments [29][30][31], lacustrine and peat sediments [32][33][34][35][36] and loess-paleosol [28,[37][38][39]. However, plant n-alkanes preserved in the Xining Basin have not been used to deduce paleoenvironmental information.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Northern Tibetan Plateau cooling and aridification linked to Cenozoic global cooling: Evidence from n-alkane distributions of Paleogene sedimentary sequences in the Xining Basin

et al. 2011

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The Xining Basin on the northeastern Tibetan Plateau holds the longest continuous Cenozoic stratigraphic record in China. The sequence record contains considerable information on the history of Tibetan uplift and associated climatic change. In particular, high resolution n-alkane biomarker proxy and pollen records have been obtained from the Paleogene sediments of the Xiejia section of the basin. A combination of the n-alkane and palynological records reveals that the paleoclimate in the Xining Basin experienced a long-term cooling trend from 50.2 to 28.2 Ma with a distinctive ecological event spanning 37.5 to 32.7 Ma. Since this ecological event, a vertical zonation of vegetation from lowland arid grasses, to middle-elevation subtropical broad-leaf plants, to high-elevation coniferous trees was established. We interpret that these changes in climate and vegetation were probably responses to a combination of long term global cooling since the Eocene climatic optimum and uplift of the surrounding mountains on the northern Tibetan Plateau in the early Cenozoic.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: N-alkanesmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Northern Tibetan Plateau cooling and aridification linked to Cenozoic global cooling: Evidence from n-alkane distributions of Paleogene sedimentary sequences in the Xining Basin

et al. 2011

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“…The most researches are mainly focused on the category, concentration, relative abundance of biomarker compounds, and the compositions of stable isotopes such as monomer carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen. The research targets have reached aerosol [7] , marine sediments [8][9][10] , lacustrine and peat sediments [5,[11][12][13] , glacier [14] , ancient vegetation [15] , loess [16 -19] , cave stalagmite [20] , and estuarine sediments (rocks) [21,22] .…”

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confidence: 99%

Distribution of lipids in modern soils from various regions with continuous climate (moisture-heat) change in China and their climate significance

et al. 2007

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Total 26 modern soil samples were collected from various regions under different climate conditions from tropical to arid temperate in China and systematically analyzed for their organic matters by GC/MSin order to evaluate climatic impacts on soil organic components. Abundant lipids molecules were recognized, including n-alkanes, n-alkenones, and long-chain branched alkanes. We find the predominance of main peaks of long-chain n-alkanes (nC 29 , nC 31 , nC 33 ) and short-chain ones (nC 16 , nC 17 , nC 18 ) records information of soil generation in warm-humid and cold-dry regions. The proportion of n-alkanes (nC 16 +nC 17 +nC 18 ) to (nC 29 +nC 31 +nC 33 ) varies in good agreement with moisture-heat conditions and thus probably can serve as a new index for climate change. The ratios of C 21 − /nC 22 + , nC 17 /nC 31 and (nC 15 +nC 17 +nC 19 ) / ( nC 27 +nC 29 +nC 31 ) of n-alkanes, indicating respectively input ratios of lower bacterial alga, aquatic organisms, and higher plants and terraneous organisms, co-vary well in different climate regions from forest to grassland and desert, suggesting that they have also reflected the difference of climates between monsoon region and inland one. The C 21 − /C 22 + ratio of n-alkan-2-one records largely the discrepancy of temperature from north to south of China bordered by the Qinling Mountains, but less humidity. The C 21 − /C 22 + ratio of n-alkan-3-ones changes well with climatic factors, such as temperature and humidity. The biogenic source of series A-D long-chain branched alkanes may be derived from some kinds of special epiphyte that most likely live in weak oxic-anoxic and moisture-heat environments, suggesting their distribution record as well some information on climatic change. All these researches demonstrate that the distributions of lipids molecules in modern soils in China record well signals of climates from quite different climatic regions, and can serve as important climatic proxies to reveal climatic change over China.lipids molecule, modern soil, climate (moisture-heat) continuously changing regions, climate index, ChinaAt present, the use of molecular fossils to reconstract paleoclimate and ancient human activities has become an important part of molecular stratigraphy [1][2][3][4][5][6] . Molecular fossils have the characteristics of stable compounds, long-time preservation and wide distribution, being good indication of climate and environmental change and providing great information on provenience of parent materials, redox degree of organic matters, development status of bacteria and microorganisms in

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Molecular fossil and paleovegetation records of paleosol S4 and adjacent loess layers in the Luochuan loess section, NW China

Zhang

Yang

Wen-xiang

et al. 2008

Sci. China Ser. D-Earth Sci.

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Using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) technique, a series of biomarkers were identified, including n-alkanes, n-alkane-2-ones, isoprenoid etc. from the loess-paleosol samples collected from the S4 and adjacent L5, L4 of the Luochuan loess section, Northwestern China. Based on these data, especially n-alkanes and high-resolution magnetic susceptibility and grain size data, the paleoenvironment and paleovegetation history during S4 was reconstructed. The CPI (Carbon Predominance Index) and correlation between n-alkanes and magnetic susceptibility and grain size data demonstrated that the molecular fossils in paleosol and loess layers can reflect the vegetation condition during the loess-paleosol formation, if the allochthonous organic inputs could be excluded reasonably. The ACL (average chain length) index is correlated well with paleomagnetic susceptibility and grain size variations, displaying their good synchrony with warm and humid climate. However, it relatively lagged behind the paleomagnetic susceptibility and the grain size variations when the climate began to deteriorate. During the formation period of paleosol, the n-alkanes was dominated by C 31 homologue, indicating that the primary organic input originated from herbs. Our study also demonstrated that the herbs were more flourish than wood plants in Loess Plateau, especially in the Luochuan area during the warm and humid phase, and there was no typical forest vegetation developed in the studied period. paleoenvironment Paleosol S4, Luochuan loess section, biomarker, paleovegetationBiomarker is a compound that could indicate the biologic origin of organic matters. Once the molecular structure and isotopic composition are identified, the source of the biomarkers and their composition character and distribution pattern could be figured out even to species level. Therefore, molecular fossil has been widely applied in the studies on paleoenvironmental and paleoclimatic changes [1,2] , such as aerosol [3] , marine sediment [4][5][6] , lacustrine and peat sediment [7][8][9][10] , stalagmite [11] , snow and ice [12] , loess-paleosol [13][14][15] and paleovegetation changes [16] . These works demonstrated the reliability of the biomarker research in the paleoclimate, paleoenvironment and paleovegetation and it could play an important role in tracking the environmental variation at molecular level.The loess is widely distributed in the Northwestern China and has served as one of the best archives for paleoenvironment reconstruction. Together with deep sea sediments and ice core studies, they were considered mainstays of the global changes [17] and great achievements have been documented in the recent decades [18][19][20][21][22] .

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Oceanic environmental changes of subarctic Bering Sea in recent 100 years: Evidence from molecular fossils

Cited by 6 publications

References 21 publications

Northern Tibetan Plateau cooling and aridification linked to Cenozoic global cooling: Evidence from n-alkane distributions of Paleogene sedimentary sequences in the Xining Basin

Northern Tibetan Plateau cooling and aridification linked to Cenozoic global cooling: Evidence from n-alkane distributions of Paleogene sedimentary sequences in the Xining Basin

Distribution of lipids in modern soils from various regions with continuous climate (moisture-heat) change in China and their climate significance

Molecular fossil and paleovegetation records of paleosol S4 and adjacent loess layers in the Luochuan loess section, NW China

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