Oceanography; invited lectures presented at the International Oceanographic Congress held in New York, 31 August-12 September 1959

Sears, Mary

doi:10.5962/bhl.title.34806

Cited by 4 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…In addition, the AAP has emphasized the importance of breastfeeding in preventing breast and ovarian cancer in its last policy statement in 1997, 5 and many breastfeeding promotional materials stress this purported beneficial effect as well, 1,10,13,14 despite the presence of only minimal evidence. Also, breastfeeding promotional materials often tout the benefits of contraception, although this depends on the geographies and/or communities involved.…”

Section: The Effect Of Breastfeeding On Women's Bodiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Good manners suggest that you should take the feelings of others into account. (p. 142) 13 That is, good manners dictate that one does not offend others in public while one is breastfeeding; the exposure of female breasts is so steeped in sexual connotations in modernday Western society that the good mother has no choice but to arrange her day, her schedule, and the way she breast-feeds such that her breasts are never in view to the public. The author of this manual, Dr. William Sears, a pediatrician and strong breastfeeding advocate, devotes several pages to what type of clothing to wear in order to discreetly nurse while outside the home.…”

Section: Breastfeeding Sexuality and The Publicmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other breastfeeding advice literature also looks optimistically at the development of special dresses where the baby is hidden during nursing, as well as the use of blankets and/or sheets to cover up the child while he or she is breastfeeding, and at the use of breast pumps, which allow for the breastmilk to be given by a bottle-a far more acceptable way to feed babies in public. 8,10,13,14 The workplace is a particular public locale that is not immune to these sensibilities regarding breast exposure during breastfeeding and sexual meaning. Much of the advice literature focuses on supporting the new mother by, again, advocating for breast pumps, this time with the provision that there be places in the work environment where the new mother can pump her breasts in privacy.…”

Section: Breastfeeding Sexuality and The Publicmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Much of the advice literature focuses on supporting the new mother by, again, advocating for breast pumps, this time with the provision that there be places in the work environment where the new mother can pump her breasts in privacy. 13,14,15 Little is promoted with regard to substantial workplace reforms that would allow mothers to breast-feed their babies at work or to be able to take time off from work, which is more realistic for breastfeeding women than the 12 weeks of uncompensated leave provided for by the Family and Medical Leave Act. 1 In fact, breast pumps, initially developed in the 19th century for use in cases where the baby could not access the milk well, such as in prematurity or illness, have now become so commonplace that they are used chiefly to accommodate the new mother and her return to a work environment that is invariably prohibitive of breastfeeding.…”

Section: Breastfeeding Sexuality and The Publicmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These midnight surprises did wonders to help her husband accept her commitment to being sensitive to her baby's needs at night. (p. 195) 13 Certainly, as can be seen from these two passages, not only is the ideal mother attendant to her child's needs, breastfeeding selflessly so that her baby can receive the scientifically proven benefits of human milk, but she is also mindful of the sexual desires of her husband. That she has her own needs is even explicitly recognized (e.g., for sleep) but never valued to the extent as those of the father and child.…”

Section: The Ever Present Father and The Dominion Of Female Breastsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Breastfeeding and Sexuality: Professional Advice Literature from the 1970s to the Present

Saha

2002

Health Educ Behav

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Since the 1970s, there has been a trend on the part of physicians and other health practitioners to promote breastfeeding in the United States, a movement that has not been as successful as hoped, since the majority of mothers in this country continue to feed their babies formula. Several socioeconomic factors are considered to be barriers to the success of breastfeeding promotion today. Yet, even among those who promote breastfeeding there exists a notable constraint in dealing with the issue of sexuality and breastfeeding. Indeed, as the female breast is eroticized in Western society, breastfeeding promotional messages have often exhibited a tacit conformity to social conventions regarding female sexuality. When analyzing selected works of advice literature written by health care practitioners from the 1970s to the present, it will be clear that breastfeeding promotional information often reflects dominant views of the sexuality of the female breast and her body.

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Section: The Effect Of Breastfeeding On Women's Bodiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Breastfeeding Sexuality and The Publicmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Breastfeeding Sexuality and The Publicmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Breastfeeding Sexuality and The Publicmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Ever Present Father and The Dominion Of Female Breastsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Breastfeeding and Sexuality: Professional Advice Literature from the 1970s to the Present

Saha

2002

Health Educ Behav

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Re-evaluating 14C dating accuracy in deep-sea sediment archives.

Lougheed¹,

Ascough²,

Dolman³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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The current geochronological state of the art for applying the radiocarbon (14C) method to deep-sea sediment archives lacks key information on sediment bioturbation. Here, we apply a sediment accumulation model that simulates the sedimentation and bioturbation of millions of foraminifera, whereby realistic 14C activities (i.e. from a 14C calibration curve) are assigned to each single foraminifera based on its simulation time step. We find that the normal distribution of 14C age typically used to represent discrete-depth sediment intervals (based on the reported laboratory 14C age and measurement error) is unlikely to be a faithful reflection of the actual 14C age distribution for a specific depth interval. We also find that this deviation from the actual 14C age distribution is greatly amplified during the calibration process. Specifically, we find a systematic underestimation of total geochronological error in many cases (by up to thousands of years), as well as the generation of age–depth artefacts in downcore calibrated median age. Even in the case of “perfect” simulated sediment archive scenarios, whereby sediment accumulation rate (SAR), bioturbation depth, reservoir age and species abundance are all kept constant, the 14C measurement and calibration processes generate temporally dynamic median age–depth artefacts on the order of hundreds of years – whereby even high SAR scenarios (40 and 60 cm kyr−1) are susceptible. Such age–depth artefacts can be especially pronounced during periods corresponding to dynamic changes in the Earth's Δ14C history, when single foraminifera of varying 14C activity can be incorporated into single discrete-depth sediment intervals. For certain lower-SAR scenarios, we find that downcore discrete-depth true median age can systematically fall outside the calibrated age range predicted by the 14C measurement and calibration processes, thus leading to systematically inaccurate age estimations. In short, our findings suggest the possibility of 14C-derived age–depth artefacts in the literature. Furthermore, since such age–depth artefacts are likely to coincide with large-scale changes in global Δ14C, which themselves can coincide with large-scale changes in global climate (such as the last deglaciation), 14C-derived age–depth artefacts may have been previously incorrectly attributed to changes in SAR coinciding with global climate. Our study highlights the need for the development of improved deep-sea sediment 14C calibration techniques that include an a priori representation of bioturbation for multi-specimen samples.

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A proxy modelling approach to assess the potential of extracting ENSO signal from tropical Pacific planktonic foraminifera

et al. 2020

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Abstract. A complete understanding of past El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) fluctuations is important for the future predictions of regional climate using climate models. One approach to reconstructing past ENSO dynamics uses planktonic foraminifera as recorders of past climate to assess past spatio-temporal changes in upper ocean conditions. In this paper, we utilise a model of planktonic foraminifera populations, Foraminifera as Modelled Entities (FAME), to forward model the potential monthly average δ18Oc and temperature signal proxy values for Globigerinoides ruber, Globigerinoides sacculifer, and Neogloboquadrina dutertrei from input variables covering the period of the instrumental record. We test whether the modelled foraminifera population δ18Oc and Tc associated with El Niño events statistically differ from the values associated with other climate states. Provided the assumptions of the model are correct, our results indicate that the values of El Niño events can be differentiated from other climate states using these species. Our model computes the proxy values of foraminifera in the water, suggesting that, in theory, water locations for a large portion of the tropical Pacific should be suitable for differentiating El Niño events from other climate states. However, in practice it may not be possible to differentiate climate states in the sediment record. Specifically, comparison of our model results with the sedimentological features of the Pacific Ocean shows that a large portion of the hydrographically/ecologically suitable water regions coincide with low sediment accumulation rate at the sea floor and/or of sea floor that lie below threshold water depths for calcite preservation.

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Oceanography; invited lectures presented at the International Oceanographic Congress held in New York, 31 August-12 September 1959

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Breastfeeding and Sexuality: Professional Advice Literature from the 1970s to the Present

Breastfeeding and Sexuality: Professional Advice Literature from the 1970s to the Present

Re-evaluating 14C dating accuracy in deep-sea sediment archives.

A proxy modelling approach to assess the potential of extracting ENSO signal from tropical Pacific planktonic foraminifera

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