Ochratoxin A and 2′R-Ochratoxin A in Selected Foodstuffs and Dietary Risk Assessment

Zapaśnik, Agnieszka; Bryła, Marcin; Waśkiewicz, Agnieszka; Ksieniewicz-Woźniak, Edyta; Podolska, G.

doi:10.3390/molecules27010188

Cited by 15 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…To date, 2'ROTA has been found in food products that required elevated manufacturing temperatures. Although diastereomer levels were relatively low, the presence of the isomer was confirmed in coffee, cocoa, bread and other products (Bittner et al, 2015;Zapa snik et al, 2022;Bryła et al, 2023).…”

Section: Chemistrymentioning

confidence: 93%

Risks for animal health related to the presence of ochratoxin A (OTA) in feed

Schrenk,

Bignami,

Bodin

et al. 2023

EFS2

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In 2004, the EFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM) adopted a Scientific Opinion on the risks to animal health and transfer from feed to food of animal origin related to the presence of ochratoxin A (OTA) in feed. The European Commission requested EFSA to assess newly available scientific information and to update the 2004 Scientific Opinion. OTA is produced by several fungi of the genera Aspergillus and Penicillium. In most animal species it is rapidly and extensively absorbed in the gastro-intestinal tract, binds strongly to plasma albumins and is mainly detoxified to ochratoxin alpha (OTalpha) by ruminal microbiota. In pigs, OTA has been found mainly in liver and kidney. Transfer of OTA from feed to milk in ruminants and donkeys as well as to eggs from poultry is confirmed but low. Overall, OTA impairs function and structure of kidneys and liver, causes immunosuppression and affects the zootechnical performance (e.g. body weight gain, feed/gain ratio, etc.), with monogastric species being more susceptible than ruminants because of limited detoxification to OTalpha. The CONTAM Panel considered as reference point (RP) for adverse animal health effects: for pigs and rabbits 0.01 mg OTA/kg feed, for chickens for fattening and hens 0.03 mg OTA/kg feed. A total of 9,184 analytical results on OTA in feed, expressed in dry matter, were available. Dietary exposure was assessed using different scenarios based on either model diets or compound feed (complete feed or complementary feed plus forage). Risk characterisation was made for the animals for which an RP could be identified. The CONTAM Panel considers that the risk related to OTA in feed for adverse health effects for pigs, chickens for fattening, hens and rabbits is low.

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Section: Chemistrymentioning

confidence: 93%

Risks for animal health related to the presence of ochratoxin A (OTA) in feed

Schrenk,

Bignami,

Bodin

et al. 2023

EFS2

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“…OTA in the same studies was found to be most prevalent in cocoa products (81%), dried fruit (73%), and wine (59%), but it was most prevalent in red or sweet wine as compared to the other wines [ 6 , 26 ]. In addition to cocoa products, coffee and chocolate were also reported to contain high contamination levels of the same mycotoxin [ 27 , 28 , 29 ]. A high prevalence of OTA was also found in wheat-based products (94%) in Canada [ 23 ], but the highest OTA levels have been reported in countries in Southern Europe [ 26 ].…”

Section: Mycotoxin Prevalence and Current Regulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Food Security and Foodborne Mycotoxicoses—What Should Be the Adequate Risk Assessment and Regulation?

Stoev

2024

Microorganisms

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The purpose of this review is to elucidate the actual threat of the most prevalent mycotoxins in agricultural commodities and human/animal food/feed for the induction of foodborne diseases or ailments. The underestimated hazard of combined mycotoxin uptake by animals or humans is critically discussed with regard to synergistic or additive interaction between some target mycotoxins. The real toxicity of target mycotoxin combinations as it happens in practice is evaluated and possible lower limit values or control measures are suggested in such cases. Some critical points on adequate risk assessment, hygiene control, and regulation of mycotoxins are discussed. The efficiency of current mycotoxin regulations and control measures is evaluated in regard to human/animal health hazards. The risk assessment in the case of multiple mycotoxin exposure of humans/animals via food/feed or agricultural commodities is evaluated and some suggestions are proposed in such cases. Appropriate control measures and food safety issues throughout the food supply chain are proposed in order to prevent the target foodborne diseases. Some preventive measures and possible veterinary hygiene controls or risk evaluations are proposed in some natural cases of foodborne diseases for preventing mycotoxin contamination of animal products designed for human consumption and to avoid possible public health issues.

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“…OTA (Liang et al., 2015; Zapasnik et al., 2022) is among the higher toxicity, including nephrotoxicity, teratogenicity, and carcinogenicity, and serves as an immunosuppressor that lowers the immunity of the human body. OTA is frequently found in wheat, maize, cereals, and other crops as raw materials.…”

Section: Application Of Dna Tweezers In Food Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of DNA‐fueled molecular machines in food safety testing

Ma,

Chen,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Comp Rev Food Sci Food Safe

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Food is consumed by humans, which is indispensable to human life. Therefore, considerable attention of the whole society has been paid to food safety. Over the last few years, dramatic social development has brought new challenges to food safety, making developing new and quick methods for on‐site food safety testing an important necessity. As a result, DNA‐fueled molecular machines, characterized by high efficiency, accuracy, and sensitivity in testing, have come into the spotlight, based on which sensors can be constructed to detect toxic and harmful substances in food products. This study reviewed recent research on several DNA‐fueled molecular machines, including DNA tweezers, DNA walkers, and DNA origami, for rapidly detecting toxic and harmful substances. Based on the above studies, the sensitivity and timeliness of several DNA molecular machines were summarized and compared, and the development prospect of DNA fuel molecular machines in the field of food safety detection was prospected.

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Ochratoxin A and 2′R-Ochratoxin A in Selected Foodstuffs and Dietary Risk Assessment

Cited by 15 publications

References 37 publications

Risks for animal health related to the presence of ochratoxin A (OTA) in feed

Risks for animal health related to the presence of ochratoxin A (OTA) in feed

Food Security and Foodborne Mycotoxicoses—What Should Be the Adequate Risk Assessment and Regulation?

Application of DNA‐fueled molecular machines in food safety testing

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