Ochratoxin A: Contamination of grain

Simultaneous and differential determination of drugs and metabolites using the same antibody: difloxacin and sarafloxacin case

“…For the synthesis of immunogens and coating antigens, an active ester method (ae) was used that was conducted according to the procedure described previously. 15 Saraoxacin hydrochloride (6 mg, 12.6 mmol) was dissolved in 0.66 mL of DMSO and supplemented with 4 mg of EDC and 2.4 mg NHS both from 10 mg mL À1 solutions in DMF and stirred at room temperature overnight. Then, the solution of activated SAR was added dropwise to BSA (4 mg, 0.06 mmol) or Gel (4 mg, 0.025 mmol) in 1.0 mL CB and incubated with stirring overnight at room temperature.…”

The production of ochratoxin A by Aspergillus ochraceus in raw coffee at different equilibrium relative humidity and under alternating temperatures

“…Mantle and Chow (2000) also reported high OTA production by A. ochraceus in coffee. Similar work has reported high ochratoxin production (400-16 000 lg/kg) in grains such as wheat, rye and barley, showing that some isolates of A. ochraceus are high producers of this toxin (Chelkowski, Dopierala, Godlewska, Radomyska, & Szebiotko, 1981;Cvetni e & Pepejnjak, 1990;Kononenko et al, 2000). Northolt and Bullerman (1982) showed that the minimum a w for the growth of A. ochraceus was between 0.79 and 0.83.…”

“…The presence of OTA in coffee, has been reported by several authors (Kononenko, Burkin, Zotova, & Soboleva, 2000;Stegen et al, 1997;Taniwaki et al, 2003;Trucksess, Giler, Young, White, & Page, 1999).…”

Effect of the frequency of the mixing of coffee cherries put out for drying on the kinetics of drying and the relationship to ochratoxin A production

“…OTA was found in green coffee for the first time by Levi et al (1974), whilst its presence in coffee beverages has been reported by Tsubouchi et al (1988) and Studer-Rohr et al (1995). The presence of OTA in coffee has been also reported by several others (Stegen et al 1997, Trucksess et al 1999, Kononenko et al 2000). …”