Ocorrência de Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) na cultura do pessegueiro, em Farroupilha, na Serra Gaúcha, RS

Abstract

Resumo. Recentemente, foi encontrada no Rio Grande do Sul, a praga quarentenária Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) (Diptera, Drosophilidae), praga polífaga que coloca ovos em frutos sadios e intactos. O objetivo do trabalho foi realizar o monitoramento de D. suzukii na cultura do pessegueiro, no município de Farroupilha, RS, bem como verificar a ocorrência e infestação da praga em frutos desta espécie. Foram instaladas duas armadilhas “caça-moscas” na área, contendo vinagre de maçã como atrativo alimentar. Foi estudada a flutuação populacional e a razão sexual de D. suzukii. No final da colheita foram coletados na área, 50 frutos de cada tratamento: plantas da borda do pomar (T1), plantas do interior do pomar (T2), frutos caídos no solo na borda do pomar (T3) e frutos caídos no solo no interior do pomar (T4). Os frutos foram acondicionados individualmente por 50 dias, até que todos os adultos emergissem, sendo, então, identificados e sexados. A flutuação populacional de adultos de D. suzukii mostrou um aumento no número de indivíduos com o início da maturação dos frutos. O tratamento T4 foi o que apresentou o maior número de adultos de D. suzukii emergidos, seguido do tratamento T3. Já nos tratamentos T1 e T2 não apresentaram emergência de adultos. Esses resultados mostram que provavelmente a fêmea de D. suzukii não consegue ovipositar em frutos de pêssego, devido a sua pele aveludada, no entanto, o pêssego pode servir como hospedeiro alternativo.Occurrence of Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) in the Peach orchards, Farroupilha, RS Abstract. It was recently found in Rio Grande do Sul the quarantine pest Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) (Diptera, Drosophilidae), a polyphagous pest which lays eggs in healthy and intact fruits.The aim of the study was to monitor the occurrence of D. suzukii in peach orchards in the city of Farroupilha as well as to verify the infestation of the pest in peach fruits. Two traps "flapper" were installed in the area, containing apple cider vinegar as food bait.The population fluctuation and the sex ratio of D. suzukii was set. At the end of harvest there were collected in, 50 fruit each treatment: plants on the border of the orchard (T1), plants in the interior of the orchard (T2), fallen fruits on the ground at the orchard board (T3), and the fallen fruits on the ground in the interior of the orchard (T4). The fruits taken individually packed for 50 days, until all the adults emerge, and then they were identified and sexed. The population fluctuation of D. suzukii adults showed an increase in the number of individuals with the beginning of the fruit maturation. Treatment T4 was the one with the highest number of D. suzukii adults emerged, followed by the treatment T3. On the T1 and T2 treatments, there were no adults emergence. These results show that probably the females of D. suzukii can not lay eggs in peach fruit due to its velvety skin. However, peach can serve as an alternative host.

Effect of toxic baits on adult spotted-wing drosophila under laboratory conditions

“…More than 30% losses in strawberry crops in the state of Rio Grande do Sul were recorded in 2014 due to D. suzukii infestation (SANTOS, 2014). Currently, the spotted-wing drosophila has been identified attacking many native fruits and commercial orchards in the South, Southeast, and Central-West regions of Brazil (SANTOS, 2014;SOUZA et al, 2017;FOPPA et al, 2018;WOLLMANN et al, 2020).…”

Integrated management of Drosophila suzukii

“…In Brazil, the first record of D. suzukii was in 2013, and since then, the species has already been reported in eight states (Deprá et al, 2014;Garcia et al, 2022). The records of D. suzukii range from presence in peach orchards and vineyards to infesting fruits such as strawberry, blueberry, feijoa, papaya, guava, blackberry, and pitanga (Brilinger, Arioli, Werner, & Boff, 2023;Foppa, Borba, Secretti, Bortoncello, & Frare, 2018;Souza, Pikart, Oliveira, Boff, & Boff, 2017;Vilela & Mori, 2014;Wollmann et al, 2020;Zanuncio-Junior et al, 2018). The presence of D. suzukii was also reported from an environmental protection area (Paula, Lopes, & Tidon 2014).…”

“…Females of D. suzukii can infest and cause damage to fruits in ornamental, wild, and economically important fruit trees (Mitsui, Beppu, & Kimura, 2010;Poyet et al, 2014). In Brazil, during the past decade, D. suzukii has already been detected in southern and southeastern regions, in peach orchards (Prunus persica) (Foppa et al, 2018), apple (Malus domestica) (Oliveira, Amaral Neto, & Santos, 2015) and vineyards (Vitis vinifera) (Brilinger, Arioli, Werner, Rosa, & Boff, 2021). It was also identified infesting strawberry fruits (Fragaria x ananassa) (R. S. S. dos Santos, 2014;Wollmann et al, 2020), blueberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) (Vilela & Mori, 2014), feijoa (Acca sellowiana) (Souza et al, 2017), papaya (Carica papaya), guava (Psidium cattleianum) (Wollmann et al, 2020;Zanuncio-Junior et al, 2018), blackberry (Rubus spp.)…”