“…Since then, Z. indianus has been also detected in North and Central America (van der Linde et al, 2006;Castrezana, 2007Castrezana, , 2011Renkema et al, 2013;Joshi et al, 2014;Markow et al, 2014;Van Timmeren & Isaacs, 2014;Lasa & Tadeo, 2015;Holle et al, 2019). In South America it has been found in Ecuador (Acurio & Rafael, 2009), in many states of Brazil, both north and south from the initial point of detection (Castro & Valente, 2001;De Toni et al, 2001;Vilela et al, 2001;Santos et al, 2003;Tidon et al, 2003;Kato et al, 2004;Leao & Tidon, 2004;Chaves & Tidon, 2008;Furtado et al, 2009;Oliveira et al, 2009;Fernandes Rodrigues & Araújo, 2011;Pasini & Link, 2011;Ribeiro Barbosa et al, 2012;Poppe et al, 2014;Ferreira Mendes et al, 2017;Vasconcelos et al, 2017), and further south in Paraguay (Benítez Díaz, 2015), Uruguay (Goñi et al, 2001(Goñi et al, , 2002 and Argentina (Soto et al, 2006;Lavagnino et al, 2008). The most robust hypotheses about the introduction and subsequent spread of Z. indianus on the American continent points to human activity, more precisely fruit trade (Tidon et al, 2003;Galego & Carareto, 2007).…”